Environmental Factors' Effects on Human Body

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Questions and Answers

Rabies can be transmitted through which of the following?

Soil

Water

Air

None of the above (correct)

What is an indicator of fresh fecal soil pollution?

Presence of B. Perfringens

Number of helminth eggs in 1 kg of soil

Presence of E. Coli (correct)

Sanitary number

What is the most rational way to dispose of waste?

Composting fields

Waste disposal plants (correct)

Incineration

Plowing fields

What is used for cleaning liquid waste in the sewer system?

Aeration tanks Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily fat requirement for a person of working age?

60-154 g Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily need for carbohydrates in a person of working age?

257-586 g Signup and view all the answers

What is an endemic disease?

Fluorosis Signup and view all the answers

Endemic goiter is found in regions with?

Low iodine content Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimum ratio of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates in the diet?

1:0.5:3 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a source of glycogen?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a source of fiber?

Raw vegetables Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral element is the main structural component of the bone system?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major source of vitamin D?

Seafood Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin ensures the work of the visual analyzer?

E Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a source of lactose?

Milk Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of vitamin deficiency?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of environmental factors on the body?

Non-specific effects, such as increased mortality Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a non-specific effect of environmental factors on the body?

Increase in overall morbidity Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a physical environmental factor?

Oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the size of dust that causes silicosis?

Less than 5 microns Signup and view all the answers

What device is used to record barometric pressure?

Barograph Signup and view all the answers

What is relative air humidity?

The ratio of absolute to maximum air humidity, expressed as a percentage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is caused by industrial dust?

Anthracosis Signup and view all the answers

What device is used to record air temperature?

Thermograph Signup and view all the answers

What type of dust causes silicosis?

Containing free silicon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the electrical state of the atmosphere due to?

Air ionization, atmospheric electric field, the presence of lightning discharges Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of silicosis?

Shortness of breath, cough, chest pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of fatigue in workers?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of negative light air ions on the body?

Improve metabolism, have a tonic effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of vibration disease?

Prolonged exposure to general or local vibration Signup and view all the answers

What is the disease associated with increased cadmium content in the environment?

Itai-itai disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of the damaging effect of ionizing radiation on the body?

Formation of molecular ions in tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is transmitted through water?

Hepatitis A Signup and view all the answers

What are the direct indicators of fecal water pollution?

Coli Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum fluoride concentration in water that can lead to the development of caries?

More than 3 mg/l Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum distance from the source of pollution to a well to ensure safe water?

30-50 m Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of water purification at a water station?

Coagulation, sedimentation, filtration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases can be transmitted through soil?

Anthrax Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Environmental Factors and Health

Decreased life expectancy, increased mortality, carcinogenic effect, and toxic effect are some of the effects of environmental factors on the body.
Non-specific effects of environmental factors on the body include carcinogenic effect, allergenic effect, increase in overall morbidity, duration of diseases, frequency of diseases, mutagenic effect, and decrease in functional indicators of organs and body systems.

Physical Environmental Factors

Physical environmental factors include electrical state of the atmosphere, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen, image, bacteria, viruses, solar radiation, and oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.

Biological Environmental Factors

Biological environmental factors include bacteria, viruses, air movement, electrical state of the atmosphere, O2, CO2, N, and inert gases.

Measurement of Environmental Factors

Devices used for recording barometric pressure include anemometer, catathermometer, barograph, and thermograph.
Relative air humidity is the ratio of absolute to maximum air humidity, expressed as a percentage.
Devices used for recording air temperature include thermal chamber, thermograph, barograph, and hygrograph.

Electrical State of the Atmosphere

The electrical state of the atmosphere is due to air ionization, atmospheric electric field, and the presence of lightning discharges.
Negative light air ions have a tonic effect and improve metabolism.

Infrared Radiation

Positive effects of infrared radiation include bactericidal, antirachitic, and erythema-tan.

Environmental Diseases

Environmental diseases include intestinal infections, Gaff disease, helminthic infestations, and Minamata disease.
Increased cadmium content in the environment results in "Itai-itai" diseases.

Ionizing Radiation

Primary mechanism of the damaging effect of ionizing radiation on the body includes germ cell mutation, increased permeability of cell membranes, inhibition of the synthesis of essential amino acids, and formation of molecular ions in tissues.

Water Pollution

Indicators of fecal water pollution include ammonium salts, nitrites, oxidability, and Coli.
Indicators of fresh organic water pollution include chlorides, sulfates, ammonium salts, nitrites, oxidability, and nitrates.
Indicators of old organic water pollution include ammonium salts, nitrates, chlorides, and oxidability.
Fluoride concentrations in water leading to the development of caries include more than 3 mg/l, and leading to the development of fluorosis include more than 1.5 mg/l.

Soil Pollution

Indicators of fresh fecal soil pollution include sanitary number, number of helminth eggs in 1 kg of soil, presence of E.Coli, and presence of B.Perfringens.
Indicators of long-term (fecal) soil pollution include presence of E.Coli, number of helminth eggs in 1 kg of soil, sanitary number, and presence of B.Perfringens.

Waste Disposal

The most rational way to dispose of waste includes composting fields, incineration, plowing fields, and waste disposal plants.
Used for cleaning liquid waste in the sewer system includes sewage disposal fields, aeration tanks, biothermal chambers, and plowing fields.

Nutrition and Health

Daily calorie requirement for a person of working age includes 20-30% for breakfast, 40-45% for lunch, 10-20% for afternoon snack, and 30-35% for dinner.
Daily fat requirement for a person of working age includes 60-154 g.
Daily need for carbohydrates in a person of working age includes 257-586 g.
Optimum ratio of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates in the diet includes 1:1:4.
Products that are sources of glycogen include milk, liver, beans, and bread.
Products that are sources of fiber include raw vegetables, milk, meat, and fish.
Products that are sources of starch include milk, meat, potato, and fish.
Products that are sources of lactose include milk, meat, beet, and fish.

Vitamins and Minerals

Mineral element – the main structural component of the bone system includes calcium.
Mineral element participating in blood formation includes iron.
Products that are the main suppliers of calcium include dairy, meat, cereals, and vegetables.
Vitamin that regulates calcium and phosphorus exchange includes vitamin D.
Vitamin that ensures the work of the visual analyzer includes vitamin A.
Major sources of vitamin D include seafood, meat, green leafy vegetables, and apples.

Helminthiasis

Helminthiasis associated with fish consumption includes opisthorchiasis.
Helminthiasis associated with vegetable consumption includes ascariasis.

Radiation and Nutrition

Therapeutic and preventive nutrition ration for workers with radionuclides and ionizing radiation is enriched with sulfur-containing amino acids, table salt, calcium, and strontium.

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Description

This quiz assesses the effects of environmental factors on the human body, including carcinogenic, toxic, and mutagenic effects. It covers various body systems and overall health impacts.