Environmental Challenges and Perspectives

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary contradiction within capitalism as it relates to environmental sustainability?

  • Consumer demand for low prices versus high-quality production
  • The need for technological innovation versus governmental policies
  • The role of non-profit organizations versus corporate entities
  • The capitalist goal of profit maximization versus the earth's capacity (correct)

Which theory suggests that capitalism can eventually become more sustainable through market demand?

  • Treadmill of Production Theory
  • Traditional Bottom Line Theory
  • Ecological Modernization Theory (correct)
  • Triple Bottom Line Theory

What are the two main components of the 'Treadmill of Production' theory?

  • Innovation and equity
  • Resource conservation and waste reduction
  • Productivity and sustainability
  • Withdrawals and additions (correct)

What does the 'Triple Bottom Line' approach incorporate as its three main accounts?

<p>People, profit, and planet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the anxiety associated with environmental concerns and climate change?

<p>Ecoanxiety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which percentage of cumulative global emissions is attributed to the richest 10% of the population?

<p>52% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is most vulnerable to the consequences of environmental hazards?

<p>Rural communities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Environmental racism primarily affects which groups?

<p>Disadvantaged minorities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main driver of individual carbon footprints, according to the discussion?

<p>Income level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is emphasized as a collective solution to reduce carbon emissions?

<p>Collective action as citizens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the carbon footprint defined as?

<p>Set of greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of cumulative global emissions does the poorest 50% contribute?

<p>7% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was an example of environmental racism mentioned?

<p>Union Carbide gas leak in Bhopal, India (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Anthropocentrism

The view that humans are the most important beings on Earth and that nature exists primarily for human use.

Treadmill of Production

A theory explaining the constant need for economic growth in capitalism, leading to increased resource extraction and waste, ultimately causing environmental damage.

Ecological Modernization

The idea that technological advancements and market forces can lead to more sustainable practices within capitalism, reducing environmental damage.

Triple Bottom Line

Measures a company's performance based on environmental, social, and financial factors, aiming for a balance between profitability and sustainability.

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Ecoanxiety

The anxiety and stress caused by the perceived threat posed by climate change.

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Carbon Inequality

The unequal distribution of greenhouse gas emissions between different groups of people, with the wealthiest individuals and nations emitting significantly more than those with lower incomes.

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Carbon Footprint

The total amount of greenhouse gases released by a person, organization, or activity.

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Environmental Racism

The practice of placing polluting industries or hazardous waste sites disproportionately in communities of color or low-income areas.

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Environmental Awareness and Wealth

The idea that environmental awareness and action is more prevalent among wealthier individuals, while others are less likely to be aware or able to act.

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Collective Action vs. Individual Action

The concept that individual actions, although often necessary for awareness, are inadequate to address large-scale environmental challenges. Collective action and systemic change are essential.

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Environmental Injustice: Impact on the Poor

People living in poverty are disproportionately impacted by environmental harm despite contributing the least to it. They are more vulnerable to climate change effects and have fewer resources to adapt.

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Economic Inequality and Environmental Impact

The combination of economic inequality and environmental impact, highlighting how the wealthy disproportionately contribute to environmental problems while the poor bear the brunt of the consequences.

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Risks and Costs Transfer

The process of shifting environmental risks and costs to marginalized groups, often by locating polluting industries or waste management facilities in their communities.

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Study Notes

Environmental Challenges

  • Societal roles and responsibilities impacting physical environments are studied
  • Climate change directly and acutely affects people, with some more impacted than others. This includes both direct and chronic impacts, with mental health frequently affected— impacts are not distributed equally
  • Some experience "ecoanxiety" or existential distress related to climate change

Anthropocentrism

  • Anthropocentrism views humans as separate and superior to nature
  • This perspective is rooted in Enlightenment ideas of reason, science, and technology
  • Associated with the Industrial Revolution, Early Sociology, Capitalism, and Western Christianity, stemming from the concept of dominion over nature in the Genesis Creation story

Capitalism and the Environment

  • Capitalism is driven by constant growth, often conflicting with Earth's carrying capacity
  • Governmental roles play a part in supporting or hindering economic growth
  • Capitalism's focus on profit sometimes ignores or downplays environmental concerns
  • The Triple Bottom Line concept emphasizes profit, people, and the planet, but its practical effectiveness in addressing environmental concerns remains unclear. Environmental concerns are often assessed but not always sufficiently addressed .
  • Ecological Modernization Theory suggests capitalism can become more sustainable through technological advancements resulting positive solutions to environmental damage

Treadmill of Production Theory

  • Humans constantly interact with the world, removing materials and generating waste and byproducts
  • This leads to ongoing ecological disruptions and environmental harm.

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Related Documents

Week 9B: The Environment PDF
Week 10B: The Environment PDF

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