Environment Chapter 3

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What happens to the less competitive species when two species with identical niches compete?

They evolve to use different resources
They are driven to local extinction (correct)
They become more efficient predators
They coexist successfully

What is the primary role of predation in ecosystems?

To promote primary succession
To increase biodiversity
To regulate population size (correct)
To facilitate secondary succession

What is the primary consequence of habitat destruction?

Increased biodiversity
Formation of new ecosystems
The extinction of species (correct)
Enhanced resource availability

What type of event is classified as a disturbance in an ecosystem?

A sudden event like a storm or fire (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adaptation of prey species to avoid being captured?

Running very fast (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome when two species with identical niches coexist in the same community?

One species is driven to local extinction (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the slow process of primary succession?

The unavailability of minerals necessary for plant growth (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lichens in primary succession?

They are the first to colonize barren areas (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do predators become more efficient over time?

Through natural selection (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?

Primary succession occurs in areas that have not previously supported life, while secondary succession occurs in areas that have been disturbed (D) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when two species compete for the same limited resource in a community?

One species is eliminated due to competitive exclusion (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely outcome when one species is more efficient at using a resource than another species in the same community?

The less efficient species is eliminated from the community (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for when all the living organisms in a particular area interact with each other?

Community (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a species that loses in competition for a resource?

It is eliminated from the community (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for anything required for life?

Resource (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of intense competition between two species with similar niches?

The species develop niche differences or anatomical differences (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the pattern of resource use called when similar species coexist and use only part of the available resources?

Resource partitioning (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is competition most intense between closely related species?

Because they require the same resources (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of character displacement in finches?

To reduce competition for food (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome when two species with different beak sizes coexist on the same island?

Their beak sizes become more different (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of reducing the size of a habitat?

Reduced number of species it can support (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between species richness and latitude?

Species richness is greatest in the tropical rain forests (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of parasites live inside the host's body?

Endoparasites (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the pattern where larger areas usually contain more species than smaller areas do?

Species-area effect (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the increase in species richness with increasing area?

Greater diversity of habitats (B) Signup and view all the answers

What do flowers provide to insects in a mutualistic relationship?

pollen and nectar (C) Signup and view all the answers

What do termites provide to the bacteria in their gut?

warmth, water, and food (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the whale in a commensalistic relationship with barnacles?

it is neither hurt nor helped (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit for the ants in their mutualistic relationship with acacia shrubs?

food from the plant (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage for the smaller fish in a commensalistic relationship with the triggerfish?

feeding opportunities (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of environment is the deep dark ocean floor considered?

Barren and inhospitable (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial disturbance that triggers succession in a whale-fall community?

The death of a large whale (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the whale's tissues within a year of its death?

They are almost completely consumed (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the decomposition of the whale carcass?

The surrounding sediments are enriched (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of organisms are attracted to the enriched sediments?

Marine worms (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria begin to decompose the oils inside the whale bones?

Heterotrophic bacteria (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the decomposition of the oils inside the whale bones?

The release of chemical compounds (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of organisms are supported by the chemosynthetic bacteria?

A diverse community of organisms (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of events in a whale-fall community?

Scavengers, decomposers, heterotrophic bacteria, chemosynthetic bacteria (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate result of the succession in a whale-fall community?

A diverse community of organisms (A) Signup and view all the answers