Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a type of cell entry utilized by enveloped DNA viruses?
Which of the following is NOT a type of cell entry utilized by enveloped DNA viruses?
- Phagocytosis (correct)
- Endocytosis
- Fusion
- Nuclear entry
What is the role of the viral envelope in the viral life cycle?
What is the role of the viral envelope in the viral life cycle?
- Replicating the viral DNA
- Integrating the viral genome into the host DNA
- Binding to the host cell receptor
- Uncoating the viral genome
- Helping the virus enter the host cell (correct)
What factors affect the pH needed for the fusion of an enveloped DNA virus with the host cell membrane?
What factors affect the pH needed for the fusion of an enveloped DNA virus with the host cell membrane?
- The type of entry mechanism (fusion or endocytosis) (correct)
- Whether the fusion occurs at the cell surface or in an endosome (correct)
- Presence of viral proteins
- Type of host cell
- Size of the virus
- Temperature of the environment
Where does the replication of enveloped DNA viruses typically take place in a host cell?
Where does the replication of enveloped DNA viruses typically take place in a host cell?
Which of the following statements about Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) is TRUE?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV1)?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV1)?
Which of the following statements about the replication process of enveloped DNA viruses is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about the replication process of enveloped DNA viruses is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV2) is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV2) is TRUE?
In the process of enveloped DNA virus replication, what is the role of the viral early proteins?
In the process of enveloped DNA virus replication, what is the role of the viral early proteins?
How are new enveloped DNA viruses released from a host cell?
How are new enveloped DNA viruses released from a host cell?
What is the primary method for diagnosing a herpesvirus infection?
What is the primary method for diagnosing a herpesvirus infection?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a latent infection caused by an enveloped DNA virus?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a latent infection caused by an enveloped DNA virus?
What is the primary method for preventing the transmission of Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV1 and HSV2)?
What is the primary method for preventing the transmission of Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV1 and HSV2)?
Which of the following Herpesviridae is known to cause mononucleosis (infectious mononucleosis)?
Which of the following Herpesviridae is known to cause mononucleosis (infectious mononucleosis)?
Which of the following clinical manifestations is characteristic of a recurrent HSV1 infection?
Which of the following clinical manifestations is characteristic of a recurrent HSV1 infection?
Which of the following pairs of viruses and diseases they cause is CORRECT?
Which of the following pairs of viruses and diseases they cause is CORRECT?
Which of the following BEST describes the clinical manifestation of a primary VZV infection in a child?
Which of the following BEST describes the clinical manifestation of a primary VZV infection in a child?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Herpes B Virus, also known as Macacine Alphaherpesvirus-1?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Herpes B Virus, also known as Macacine Alphaherpesvirus-1?
What is the primary reason for the increased incidence of HSV2 infections above the waist in recent years?
What is the primary reason for the increased incidence of HSV2 infections above the waist in recent years?
Which of the following is a potential trigger for a herpesvirus reactivation?
Which of the following is a potential trigger for a herpesvirus reactivation?
Which diagnostic method is considered less reliable for detecting current or past EBV infections?
Which diagnostic method is considered less reliable for detecting current or past EBV infections?
What is the primary treatment for CMV infections?
What is the primary treatment for CMV infections?
What distinguishes monkeypox from smallpox regarding symptoms?
What distinguishes monkeypox from smallpox regarding symptoms?
What characteristic is true about poxviruses compared to other DNA viruses?
What characteristic is true about poxviruses compared to other DNA viruses?
Which prophylactic approach is undertaken to prevent viral reactivation before an organ transplant?
Which prophylactic approach is undertaken to prevent viral reactivation before an organ transplant?
What is a characteristic of the live attenuated VZV vaccine?
What is a characteristic of the live attenuated VZV vaccine?
Which treatment for VZV infection is administered orally?
Which treatment for VZV infection is administered orally?
What percentage of adults in the US are estimated to have had a CMV infection by age 40?
What percentage of adults in the US are estimated to have had a CMV infection by age 40?
What type of cells does CMV primarily infect?
What type of cells does CMV primarily infect?
What condition is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection?
What condition is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection?
Which mode of transmission is NOT associated with Epstein-Barr virus?
Which mode of transmission is NOT associated with Epstein-Barr virus?
What is a potential complication of EBV infection that can affect the central nervous system?
What is a potential complication of EBV infection that can affect the central nervous system?
What are the common symptoms of congenital CMV infection in infants?
What are the common symptoms of congenital CMV infection in infants?
Which of the following viruses is most commonly associated with Hodgkin's Lymphoma?
Which of the following viruses is most commonly associated with Hodgkin's Lymphoma?
What is a significant characteristic of CMV concerning its infectivity?
What is a significant characteristic of CMV concerning its infectivity?
Flashcards
Enveloped DNA Viruses
Enveloped DNA Viruses
Viruses that have a lipid membrane surrounding their DNA.
Naked DNA Viruses
Naked DNA Viruses
Viruses that lack an outer lipid envelope and only have a protein coat.
Differences from RNA Viruses
Differences from RNA Viruses
Enveloped DNA viruses differ in structure & replication from RNA viruses.
Comparison Criteria
Comparison Criteria
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Diseases caused by Enveloped DNA Viruses
Diseases caused by Enveloped DNA Viruses
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Diagnosis of Enveloped DNA Viruses
Diagnosis of Enveloped DNA Viruses
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Prevention and Treatments
Prevention and Treatments
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Herpesvirus Not in Humans
Herpesvirus Not in Humans
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Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
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Human Herpesviruses
Human Herpesviruses
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Alpha Herpesviruses
Alpha Herpesviruses
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HSV1 and HSV2
HSV1 and HSV2
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Signs of Genital Herpes
Signs of Genital Herpes
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Signs of Orofacial Herpes
Signs of Orofacial Herpes
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Skin Lesions from VZV
Skin Lesions from VZV
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Diagnosis of HSV/VZV
Diagnosis of HSV/VZV
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Prevention of HSV
Prevention of HSV
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Vaccine for VZV
Vaccine for VZV
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Herpesviridae
Herpesviridae
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Poxviridae
Poxviridae
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dsDNA
dsDNA
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Capsid shapes
Capsid shapes
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Viral Entry
Viral Entry
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Fusion
Fusion
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Endocytosis
Endocytosis
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Uncoating
Uncoating
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Replication in nucleus
Replication in nucleus
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Lytic vs. Latent
Lytic vs. Latent
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Live attenuated VZV vaccine
Live attenuated VZV vaccine
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Acyclovir
Acyclovir
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Penciclovir
Penciclovir
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
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Congenital CMV infection
Congenital CMV infection
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Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
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Infectious mononucleosis
Infectious mononucleosis
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Splenomegaly
Splenomegaly
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Guillain-Barre syndrome
Guillain-Barre syndrome
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Associated illnesses with EBV
Associated illnesses with EBV
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Burkitt’s lymphoma
Burkitt’s lymphoma
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Antiviral therapy
Antiviral therapy
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Poxviruses
Poxviruses
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Smallpox
Smallpox
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Monkeypox symptoms
Monkeypox symptoms
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Study Notes
Enveloped DNA Viruses
- Enveloped DNA viruses have a lipid membrane surrounding the capsid.
- This membrane is derived from the host cell membrane.
- Virus families like Herpesviridae and Poxviridae are enveloped DNA viruses.
Virus Classification
- Viruses are classified by their genetic material (DNA or RNA), the strandedness of the nucleic acid (single-stranded or double- stranded), and the sense of the RNA (positive-sense or negative- sense).
- RNA viruses are further categorized based on their strandedness and sense of the RNA, as well as their presence or absence of an envelope.
- DNA viruses are categorized based on their strandedness and shape (linear or circular).
Herpesviruses
- Herpesviridae family includes HSV1, HSV2, VZV, EBV, and CMV.
- These viruses cause various diseases, from cold sores to chickenpox to mononucleosis.
- Some herpesviruses establish a latent infection that can be reactivated later.
- A significant number of humans will experience a herpesvirus infection in their life.
- Most commonly, these infections occur without symptoms during the initial infection.
Poxviruses
- Poxviridae viruses are another example of enveloped DNA viruses.
- Smallpox is a well-known example of a poxvirus.
- Poxviruses are generally larger, complex viruses that have double-stranded DNA.
- These viruses replicate inside the host cell's cytoplasm.
- The presence of a unique nucleosome structure instead of a typical capsid is a distinguishing feature.
Viral Replication
- Viral replication involves the attachment of the virus to the host cell, entry into the cell and the subsequent production/assembly of new viral components, and release of the new viruses.
- DNA viruses often replicate inside the host cell's nucleus, like herpesviruses.
- Poxviruses replicate in the cytoplasm.
HSV and VZV Triggers
- HSV and VZV recurrences are triggered by various factors.
- Examples include UV-B radiation, fever, emotional stress, physical stress, menstruation, certain foods, allergies, and immunosuppression.
HSV and VZV Clinical Presentation
- HSV infections may manifest as cold sores, genital sores, or other signs and symptoms.
- Zoster, or shingles, is a common manifestation of the reactivation of the VZV (varicella zoster) virus.
Poxviruses, Smallpox, Monkeypox
- These poxviruses are characterized by typical skin lesions.
- Smallpox was eradicated in 1980.
- Monkeypox is a current concern, as evidenced by recent outbreaks.
- Transmission of these viruses occurs often through body fluids, respiratory droplets, contact, and fomites.
Diagnostics
- Virus detection using PCR in skin scrapings is a common method for diagnosis of HSV or other DNA virus infections.
- In some cases, antibody tests might not be reliably diagnostic because they don't necessarily indicate active infection.
- There are antiviral therapies targeting viral enzymes.
- The choice of antiviral therapy is sometimes based on the specific virus or the patient's health status.
###Prevention and treatment
- Safe-sex practices and using oral prophylaxis are crucial in preventing transmission.
- Vaccines for several herpes viruses are available or under development.
- Antiviral medications are frequently used to treat recurrent infections, but not always to prevent recurrent infections.
Testing and Knowledge
- For a recent primate bite, consider testing for herpesviruses specific to the primate species involved.
- A thorough understanding of the various ways that Herpesviruses (and other viruses) are spread will assist in prevention.
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Description
Test your knowledge on enveloped DNA viruses in this quiz. Explore topics such as their life cycle, replication, and specific viruses including Varicella Zoster and Herpes Simplex. Understand key characteristics and methods of diagnosis and prevention.
