Entropy and Dissolution of Crystalline Substances
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Questions and Answers

What happens to a plant's turgor pressure when it loses water?

  • Turgor pressure fluctuates wildly.
  • Turgor pressure decreases. (correct)
  • Turgor pressure increases.
  • Turgor pressure remains the same.

    • Which plant is known for rapidly closing its leaves in response to touch?

  • Cactus
  • Venus flytrap (correct)
  • Sensitive plant
  • Sunflower

    • What triggers the sudden drop in turgor pressure in the Venus flytrap?

  • Absorption of nutrients
  • Release of K+ ions (correct)
  • Excess water intake
  • Increase in light exposure

    • How quickly can turgor pressure change in the Venus flytrap after touch?

    <p>Within 0.5 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does osmotic pressure have on plant cells?

    <p>It stiffens the cells and tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) to droop?

    <p>Mechanical touch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does turgor pressure decrease in response to touch in sensitive plants?

    <p>Release of K+ ions and water efflux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does osmotic pressure play across a semipermeable membrane?

    <p>Equalizes osmolarity between compartments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to entropy as a salt like NaCl dissolves in water?

    <p>Entropy increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the increase in entropy when NaCl dissolves?

    <p>Greater freedom of motion for the ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ionic interactions behave in less polar environments?

    <p>They are stronger but operate only over short distances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distance range do ionic attractions or repulsions operate effectively?

    <p>10 to 40 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of water as a solvent for NaCl?

    <p>It facilitates the dissolution process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ions are released when NaCl dissolves in water?

    <p>Na+ and Cl– ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to the accessibility of hydrated ions in water?

    <p>They acquire greater freedom of motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does increased entropy affect the solubility of ionic bonds?

    <p>It enhances the solubility of ionic compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of electrolyte concentration on ionic interactions?

    <p>Higher concentration can strengthen ionic attractions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do water molecules orient themselves around ions when dissolving NaCl?

    <p>To stabilize the dissolved ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of solutes on the boiling point of water?

    <p>It increases the boiling point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of molecules dissolve better at low temperatures according to the content?

    <p>Polar molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the properties affected by solutes in a solvent?

    <p>Colligative properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of tightly bound water molecules in proteins?

    <p>They are essential for protein function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'hydrophilic' refer to in the context of the content?

    <p>Molecules that can dissolve in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds has a greater effect on osmotic pressure due to dissociation?

    <p>Sodium chloride (NaCl)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms around hydrophobic alkyl chains in water according to the description?

    <p>Highly ordered water molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the concentration of water in solutions compared to pure water?

    <p>It decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon of water molecules forming 'cages' around lipid molecules referred to in the content?

    <p>Hydrophobic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure arises from clusters of lipid molecules in aqueous solutions?

    <p>Micelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do bound water molecules play in the process of photosynthesis?

    <p>They provide a path for protons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a colligative property affected by solutes in water?

    <p>Chemical reactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In aqueous solutions, what is the behavior of lipid molecules as indicated in the content?

    <p>They create layers of organized structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the number of solute particles and colligative property effects?

    <p>It is independent of the chemical nature of the solute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do water molecules behave in bulk phase as described in the content?

    <p>They create flickering clusters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the 'head group' play in amphipathic compounds?

    <p>It interacts favorably with water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a fly when it approaches an open leaf of a Venus flytrap?

    <p>It is trapped for digestion by the plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do the feathery leaflets of the sensitive plant serve when they close?

    <p>To protect the plant from structural damage by wind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ions are produced from the ionization of water?

    <p>Hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do weak acids behave when dissolved in water?

    <p>They contribute hydrogen ions by ionizing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when weak bases are dissolved in water?

    <p>They consume hydrogen ions by becoming protonated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the ionization of water in terms of chemical equilibrium?

    <p>It can be described by an equilibrium constant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the solvent properties of water?

    <p>They are explained by the H2O molecule and its ionization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary means through which hydrogen ions affect the solution when acids are introduced?

    <p>They decrease the solution's alkalinity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Entropy and Dissolution

    • Entropy increases when crystalline substances dissolve, highlighting randomness in the system.
    • Strong ionic interactions occur in less polar environments, affecting the dissolution of salts like NaCl in water.
    • When NaCl dissolves, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions gain greater freedom of motion, increasing entropy significantly.

    Solvent Properties of Water

    • Polar molecules dissolve better than nonpolar molecules, even at low temperatures.
    • Water forms "flickering clusters" in its bulk, alongside highly ordered structures around hydrophobic alkyl chains of amphipathic compounds.

    Colligative Properties of Solvents

    • Solutes modify the physical properties of water, including vapor pressure, boiling point, freezing point, and osmotic pressure, known as colligative properties.
    • The impact on these properties relies on the concentration of solute particles rather than their chemical nature.

    Osmotic Pressure and Plant Responses

    • Osmotic pressure arises from differences in solute concentration across semipermeable membranes, affecting cell turgor pressure.
    • Loss of water significantly reduces turgor pressure, often leading to wilting in plants.
    • Rapid changes in turgor pressure can trigger plant movements, such as in the Venus flytrap, which folds its leaves quickly upon insect contact.

    Ionization of Water

    • Water has a small degree of ionization into hydrogen (H⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻), which plays a crucial role in solvent chemistry.
    • Weak acids release H⁺ ions in solution, while weak bases accept H⁺, contributing to acid-base balance in biological systems.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the relationship between entropy and the dissolution of crystalline substances such as salts. It covers concepts such as ionic interactions and the behavior of ions during dissolution. Understanding these principles is crucial for studies in physical chemistry and thermodynamics.

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