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Questions and Answers
What happens to a plant's turgor pressure when it loses water?
What happens to a plant's turgor pressure when it loses water?
- Turgor pressure fluctuates wildly.
- Turgor pressure decreases. (correct)
- Turgor pressure increases.
- Turgor pressure remains the same.
Which plant is known for rapidly closing its leaves in response to touch?
Which plant is known for rapidly closing its leaves in response to touch?
- Cactus
- Venus flytrap (correct)
- Sensitive plant
- Sunflower
What triggers the sudden drop in turgor pressure in the Venus flytrap?
What triggers the sudden drop in turgor pressure in the Venus flytrap?
- Absorption of nutrients
- Release of K+ ions (correct)
- Excess water intake
- Increase in light exposure
How quickly can turgor pressure change in the Venus flytrap after touch?
How quickly can turgor pressure change in the Venus flytrap after touch?
What effect does osmotic pressure have on plant cells?
What effect does osmotic pressure have on plant cells?
What triggers the sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) to droop?
What triggers the sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) to droop?
Why does turgor pressure decrease in response to touch in sensitive plants?
Why does turgor pressure decrease in response to touch in sensitive plants?
What role does osmotic pressure play across a semipermeable membrane?
What role does osmotic pressure play across a semipermeable membrane?
What happens to entropy as a salt like NaCl dissolves in water?
What happens to entropy as a salt like NaCl dissolves in water?
What is the primary reason for the increase in entropy when NaCl dissolves?
What is the primary reason for the increase in entropy when NaCl dissolves?
How do ionic interactions behave in less polar environments?
How do ionic interactions behave in less polar environments?
What distance range do ionic attractions or repulsions operate effectively?
What distance range do ionic attractions or repulsions operate effectively?
What is the role of water as a solvent for NaCl?
What is the role of water as a solvent for NaCl?
What ions are released when NaCl dissolves in water?
What ions are released when NaCl dissolves in water?
What occurs to the accessibility of hydrated ions in water?
What occurs to the accessibility of hydrated ions in water?
How does increased entropy affect the solubility of ionic bonds?
How does increased entropy affect the solubility of ionic bonds?
What is the impact of electrolyte concentration on ionic interactions?
What is the impact of electrolyte concentration on ionic interactions?
Why do water molecules orient themselves around ions when dissolving NaCl?
Why do water molecules orient themselves around ions when dissolving NaCl?
What is the effect of solutes on the boiling point of water?
What is the effect of solutes on the boiling point of water?
Which type of molecules dissolve better at low temperatures according to the content?
Which type of molecules dissolve better at low temperatures according to the content?
What term describes the properties affected by solutes in a solvent?
What term describes the properties affected by solutes in a solvent?
What is a key characteristic of tightly bound water molecules in proteins?
What is a key characteristic of tightly bound water molecules in proteins?
What does the term 'hydrophilic' refer to in the context of the content?
What does the term 'hydrophilic' refer to in the context of the content?
Which of the following compounds has a greater effect on osmotic pressure due to dissociation?
Which of the following compounds has a greater effect on osmotic pressure due to dissociation?
What forms around hydrophobic alkyl chains in water according to the description?
What forms around hydrophobic alkyl chains in water according to the description?
What happens to the concentration of water in solutions compared to pure water?
What happens to the concentration of water in solutions compared to pure water?
What is the phenomenon of water molecules forming 'cages' around lipid molecules referred to in the content?
What is the phenomenon of water molecules forming 'cages' around lipid molecules referred to in the content?
What structure arises from clusters of lipid molecules in aqueous solutions?
What structure arises from clusters of lipid molecules in aqueous solutions?
What role do bound water molecules play in the process of photosynthesis?
What role do bound water molecules play in the process of photosynthesis?
Which of the following is not a colligative property affected by solutes in water?
Which of the following is not a colligative property affected by solutes in water?
In aqueous solutions, what is the behavior of lipid molecules as indicated in the content?
In aqueous solutions, what is the behavior of lipid molecules as indicated in the content?
What is the relationship between the number of solute particles and colligative property effects?
What is the relationship between the number of solute particles and colligative property effects?
How do water molecules behave in bulk phase as described in the content?
How do water molecules behave in bulk phase as described in the content?
What role does the 'head group' play in amphipathic compounds?
What role does the 'head group' play in amphipathic compounds?
What happens to a fly when it approaches an open leaf of a Venus flytrap?
What happens to a fly when it approaches an open leaf of a Venus flytrap?
What function do the feathery leaflets of the sensitive plant serve when they close?
What function do the feathery leaflets of the sensitive plant serve when they close?
What ions are produced from the ionization of water?
What ions are produced from the ionization of water?
How do weak acids behave when dissolved in water?
How do weak acids behave when dissolved in water?
What occurs when weak bases are dissolved in water?
What occurs when weak bases are dissolved in water?
What describes the ionization of water in terms of chemical equilibrium?
What describes the ionization of water in terms of chemical equilibrium?
What characterizes the solvent properties of water?
What characterizes the solvent properties of water?
What is the primary means through which hydrogen ions affect the solution when acids are introduced?
What is the primary means through which hydrogen ions affect the solution when acids are introduced?
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Study Notes
Entropy and Dissolution
- Entropy increases when crystalline substances dissolve, highlighting randomness in the system.
- Strong ionic interactions occur in less polar environments, affecting the dissolution of salts like NaCl in water.
- When NaCl dissolves, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions gain greater freedom of motion, increasing entropy significantly.
Solvent Properties of Water
- Polar molecules dissolve better than nonpolar molecules, even at low temperatures.
- Water forms "flickering clusters" in its bulk, alongside highly ordered structures around hydrophobic alkyl chains of amphipathic compounds.
Colligative Properties of Solvents
- Solutes modify the physical properties of water, including vapor pressure, boiling point, freezing point, and osmotic pressure, known as colligative properties.
- The impact on these properties relies on the concentration of solute particles rather than their chemical nature.
Osmotic Pressure and Plant Responses
- Osmotic pressure arises from differences in solute concentration across semipermeable membranes, affecting cell turgor pressure.
- Loss of water significantly reduces turgor pressure, often leading to wilting in plants.
- Rapid changes in turgor pressure can trigger plant movements, such as in the Venus flytrap, which folds its leaves quickly upon insect contact.
Ionization of Water
- Water has a small degree of ionization into hydrogen (H⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻), which plays a crucial role in solvent chemistry.
- Weak acids release H⁺ ions in solution, while weak bases accept H⁺, contributing to acid-base balance in biological systems.
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