Predicting Entropy Change Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does the property entropy (S) represent in thermodynamics?

  • The irreversible heat (qirr) of a process
  • The spontaneous heat flow accompanying a process (correct)
  • The equilibrium temperature (Teq) of a process
  • The reversible heat (qrev) of a process

    • In thermodynamics, what is a reversible process?

  • A process that takes place at a very high temperature
  • A process that takes place at such a slow rate that it is always at equilibrium (correct)
  • A process that involves a large amount of irreversible heat
  • A process that takes place with no change in entropy

    • What does the ratio of the reversible heat (qrev) and the kelvin temperature (T) express in thermodynamics?

  • A new thermodynamic property named entropy (S) (correct)
  • The irreversible heat flow accompanying a process
  • The equilibrium temperature of a process
  • The reversible nature of a process

    • What does the change in entropy for any process depend on?

    <p>The initial and final states of the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the entropy change for a real, irreversible process equal to?

    <p>That for the theoretical reversible process involving the same initial and final states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of processes are classified as irreversible in thermodynamics?

    <p>All real processes, as no real processes are truly reversible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of relationships between the energy and work associated with chemical and physical processes called?

    <p>Thermodynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes larger volumes of water to forcefully eject steam and water in a geyser eruption?

    <p>Decrease in pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of thermodynamics is concerned with the heat accompanying chemical reactions and phase transitions?

    <p>Thermochemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle is demonstrated by the dramatic display of geysers in nature?

    <p>Spontaneity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law of thermodynamics relates to the concept of entropy?

    <p>Second Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of thermodynamics provides the predictive ability to determine if a process will occur under specific conditions?

    <p>Thermochemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the entropy change for the process of freezing?

    <p>ΔSfreezing = −22.1 J/K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature does the system show spontaneous behavior?

    <p>−10.00 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the entropy of a perfectly crystalline substance at 0 K?

    <p>Zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are standard entropies (S°) for?

    <p>For one mole of substance under standard conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the entropy of a pure, perfectly crystalline solid represent at 0 K?

    <p>Zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Boltzmann equation state about the entropy of a pure, perfectly crystalline solid at 0 K?

    <p>The entropy is zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between temperature and entropy change when liquid water is heated from room temperature to 50 °C?

    <p>Positive; temperature increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sign of the entropy change for the freezing of liquid water?

    <p>Negative; The liquid becomes a more ordered solid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property has been identified as a reliable predictor for the spontaneity of a process?

    <p>Entropy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Second Law of Thermodynamics aim to predict?

    <p>The spontaneity of a process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which process is there a net increase in the amount of gaseous species, leading to a positive entropy change?

    <p>The relatively ordered solid becoming a gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the entropy change and the number of ions in solution when a solid dissolves to give an increase of mobile ions in solution?

    <p>Positive; temperature increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does kinetic-molecular theory state about the relationship between temperature and the average kinetic energy of particles?

    <p>The temperature of a substance is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of its particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the vibrations of particles in solids and translations of particles in liquids and gases change with an increase in temperature?

    <p>They become more extensive in solids and more rapid in liquids and gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the distribution of kinetic energies among the atoms or molecules of a substance change at higher temperatures?

    <p>The distribution becomes broader at higher temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the entropy of a substance with an increase in temperature?

    <p>The entropy increases with an increase in temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the entropy of a substance change during a phase transition?

    <p>The entropy increases significantly during a phase transition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In atomic substances, why do heavier atoms possess greater entropy at a given temperature than lighter atoms?

    <p>Due to the relation between a particle’s mass and the spacing of quantized translational energy levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Entropy in Thermodynamics

    • Entropy (S) represents the disorder or randomness of a system.
    • The change in entropy for any process depends on the initial and final states of the system.

    Reversible and Irreversible Processes

    • A reversible process is one in which the system and surroundings can return to their initial states.
    • The entropy change for a real, irreversible process is equal to the reversible heat (qrev) divided by the Kelvin temperature (T).
    • Irreversible processes are those that cannot return to their initial states, such as friction, heat transfer, and mixing.

    Thermodynamics and Energy

    • Thermodynamics is the study of relationships between energy and work associated with chemical and physical processes.
    • The aspect of thermodynamics concerned with the heat accompanying chemical reactions and phase transitions is thermochemistry.

    Geyser Eruptions

    • Larger volumes of water forcefully eject steam and water in a geyser eruption due to increased pressure and temperature.

    Laws of Thermodynamics

    • The Second Law of Thermodynamics relates to the concept of entropy.
    • The Second Law of Thermodynamics aims to predict the spontaneity of a process based on the entropy change.

    Entropy and Temperature

    • The entropy of a perfectly crystalline substance at 0 K is zero.
    • Standard entropies (S°) are used to compare the entropy of different substances.
    • The entropy of a pure, perfectly crystalline solid at 0 K represents the perfect order of its molecular structure.
    • The Boltzmann equation states that the entropy of a pure, perfectly crystalline solid at 0 K is proportional to the logarithm of the number of possible microstates.

    Phase Transitions

    • The entropy change for the process of freezing is negative.
    • The system shows spontaneous behavior at a temperature above 0 K.
    • The entropy change during a phase transition is positive for melting and negative for freezing.

    Kinetic-Molecular Theory

    • The kinetic-molecular theory states that the average kinetic energy of particles is directly proportional to the temperature.
    • The vibrations of particles in solids and translations of particles in liquids and gases increase with an increase in temperature.
    • The distribution of kinetic energies among the atoms or molecules of a substance broadens at higher temperatures.

    Entropy and Temperature

    • The entropy of a substance increases with an increase in temperature.
    • The entropy of a substance changes during a phase transition, with a positive change for melting and a negative change for freezing.

    Atomic Substances

    • Heavier atoms possess greater entropy at a given temperature than lighter atoms due to their larger size and more complex molecular structure.

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    CH 12 Thermodynamics Textbook PDF

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    Test your knowledge on predicting the sign of entropy change for different processes. Choose the correct reason for your prediction.

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