Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the significance of defining a problem in entrepreneurship?
What is the significance of defining a problem in entrepreneurship?
Defining a problem is essential as it serves as the foundation for creativity and innovation, leading to effective solutions.
Why is it important to identify the root cause of a problem?
Why is it important to identify the root cause of a problem?
Identifying the root cause helps to address the actual issue rather than just its symptoms, ensuring effective problem resolution.
Describe how entrepreneurial opportunities can arise.
Describe how entrepreneurial opportunities can arise.
Entrepreneurial opportunities can emerge from shifts in the environment, such as technological advances, changing trends, or by addressing existing problems.
What role do stakeholders play in problem definition?
What role do stakeholders play in problem definition?
How do entrepreneurs identify opportunities in the market?
How do entrepreneurs identify opportunities in the market?
What is a well-defined problem's role in innovation?
What is a well-defined problem's role in innovation?
What constitutes an entrepreneurial opportunity?
What constitutes an entrepreneurial opportunity?
Why is the ability to recognize opportunities critical for entrepreneurs?
Why is the ability to recognize opportunities critical for entrepreneurs?
What are the two primary groups necessary for a market to function?
What are the two primary groups necessary for a market to function?
How does the law of supply generally affect supply levels?
How does the law of supply generally affect supply levels?
What occurs in a market when demand exceeds supply?
What occurs in a market when demand exceeds supply?
Define equilibrium price in the context of a market.
Define equilibrium price in the context of a market.
What is the most basic customer need that relates to courtesy and politeness?
What is the most basic customer need that relates to courtesy and politeness?
According to the 2021 Trends Report, what percentage of customers want agents to display empathy?
According to the 2021 Trends Report, what percentage of customers want agents to display empathy?
What role do financial markets play in an economy?
What role do financial markets play in an economy?
What need relates to customers feeling they receive adequate attention and reasonable answers?
What need relates to customers feeling they receive adequate attention and reasonable answers?
Why is market regulation important?
Why is market regulation important?
Name one type of analysis used to identify market opportunities.
Name one type of analysis used to identify market opportunities.
How can organizations empower customers to have a sense of control over outcomes?
How can organizations empower customers to have a sense of control over outcomes?
How do regulations help prevent fraud in financial markets?
How do regulations help prevent fraud in financial markets?
What is the importance of offering customers choices and flexibility in customer service?
What is the importance of offering customers choices and flexibility in customer service?
What do customers want in terms of information about products and services?
What do customers want in terms of information about products and services?
What is meant by market efficiency?
What is meant by market efficiency?
What is the outcome of effective market regulation on investment?
What is the outcome of effective market regulation on investment?
According to customer feedback, what is the top component of a good customer experience?
According to customer feedback, what is the top component of a good customer experience?
What is one method to identify customer needs based on their interactions?
What is one method to identify customer needs based on their interactions?
Describe the relationship between supply and demand in price determination.
Describe the relationship between supply and demand in price determination.
What characterizes physical markets compared to virtual markets?
What characterizes physical markets compared to virtual markets?
How do focus groups help businesses understand customer needs?
How do focus groups help businesses understand customer needs?
What is the significance of surveys in gathering customer feedback?
What is the significance of surveys in gathering customer feedback?
What is the significance of transparency in market transactions?
What is the significance of transparency in market transactions?
What role does social media listening play in identifying customer needs?
What role does social media listening play in identifying customer needs?
Explain how prices adjust in a market system.
Explain how prices adjust in a market system.
How does keyword research inform businesses about customer intents?
How does keyword research inform businesses about customer intents?
What does customer journey mapping help an organization understand?
What does customer journey mapping help an organization understand?
Why is excellent customer service a key factor in customer loyalty?
Why is excellent customer service a key factor in customer loyalty?
What percentage of customers are willing to spend more for a good customer service experience?
What percentage of customers are willing to spend more for a good customer service experience?
What key aspect do nearly 50 percent of customers expect from service agents?
What key aspect do nearly 50 percent of customers expect from service agents?
What technology is used to predict customer needs effectively?
What technology is used to predict customer needs effectively?
How can companies understand their customers better?
How can companies understand their customers better?
What is one factor that affects customer demand?
What is one factor that affects customer demand?
What is the first step in the enterprise creation process?
What is the first step in the enterprise creation process?
What impact does entrepreneurship have on unemployment?
What impact does entrepreneurship have on unemployment?
What effect does enterprise creation have on poverty levels in a country?
What effect does enterprise creation have on poverty levels in a country?
Why is understanding buying patterns critical for businesses?
Why is understanding buying patterns critical for businesses?
What percentage of SMEs make up businesses in Nigeria?
What percentage of SMEs make up businesses in Nigeria?
How do loyalty programs contribute to customer relationship management?
How do loyalty programs contribute to customer relationship management?
What do 63 percent of customers desire from companies regarding social responsibility?
What do 63 percent of customers desire from companies regarding social responsibility?
What role does innovation play in the economy?
What role does innovation play in the economy?
What is the significance of evaluating opportunities in enterprise creation?
What is the significance of evaluating opportunities in enterprise creation?
What does the customer experience rely on according to the content?
What does the customer experience rely on according to the content?
What is the primary distinction between a customer and a consumer?
What is the primary distinction between a customer and a consumer?
Identify and describe the two main categories of customers.
Identify and describe the two main categories of customers.
Who qualifies as a consumer?
Who qualifies as a consumer?
Discuss the difference between a loyal customer and an impulsive customer.
Discuss the difference between a loyal customer and an impulsive customer.
What motivates a customer to buy a product?
What motivates a customer to buy a product?
Explain the term 'Commercial Consumer'.
Explain the term 'Commercial Consumer'.
How does a customer differ in terms of payment obligation compared to a consumer?
How does a customer differ in terms of payment obligation compared to a consumer?
Why are consumers important in the marketplace?
Why are consumers important in the marketplace?
What role do need-based customers play in sales?
What role do need-based customers play in sales?
What is the function of a market?
What is the function of a market?
What are 'discretionary spending consumers' known for?
What are 'discretionary spending consumers' known for?
Differentiate between present customers and former customers.
Differentiate between present customers and former customers.
Why is it beneficial for a business to recognize the types of consumers?
Why is it beneficial for a business to recognize the types of consumers?
How does competition influence market efficiency?
How does competition influence market efficiency?
What is the significance of conducting market research before launching a new product?
What is the significance of conducting market research before launching a new product?
What are the key factors to consider when selecting a manufacturing partner?
What are the key factors to consider when selecting a manufacturing partner?
Why is it essential to develop a detailed marketing plan?
Why is it essential to develop a detailed marketing plan?
What should a product launch plan include?
What should a product launch plan include?
Why is evaluating your product's success important after launch?
Why is evaluating your product's success important after launch?
Define the difference between a consumer and a customer.
Define the difference between a consumer and a customer.
How can a marketing plan aid in risk management?
How can a marketing plan aid in risk management?
What is the role of customer feedback in evaluating a product's success?
What is the role of customer feedback in evaluating a product's success?
Why is understanding your target market critical when launching a new product?
Why is understanding your target market critical when launching a new product?
What is the impact of a poorly executed product launch?
What is the impact of a poorly executed product launch?
How does evaluating sales numbers contribute to product success?
How does evaluating sales numbers contribute to product success?
What role does establishing a clear target market play in a marketing plan?
What role does establishing a clear target market play in a marketing plan?
Why is it important to allocate a realistic budget in a marketing plan?
Why is it important to allocate a realistic budget in a marketing plan?
What can happen if a product does not meet customer needs?
What can happen if a product does not meet customer needs?
How can questioning assumptions lead to new ideas in product development?
How can questioning assumptions lead to new ideas in product development?
What is the role of 'accidental genius' in idea generation?
What is the role of 'accidental genius' in idea generation?
Describe the brain writing technique and its benefits.
Describe the brain writing technique and its benefits.
How does the 'wishing' technique promote creativity?
How does the 'wishing' technique promote creativity?
Why is socializing important for fostering creativity in the workplace?
Why is socializing important for fostering creativity in the workplace?
Define creativity based on the content provided.
Define creativity based on the content provided.
List three qualities commonly found in creative individuals.
List three qualities commonly found in creative individuals.
What does innovation entail within a business context?
What does innovation entail within a business context?
Explain how curiosity contributes to creativity.
Explain how curiosity contributes to creativity.
What does the term 'flexibility' mean regarding creative thinking?
What does the term 'flexibility' mean regarding creative thinking?
How does mastery in a domain benefit creative problem-solving?
How does mastery in a domain benefit creative problem-solving?
What is the significance of 'originality' in creativity?
What is the significance of 'originality' in creativity?
Why might creative individuals embrace disorder or chaos?
Why might creative individuals embrace disorder or chaos?
In what way does innovation contribute to a company's growth?
In what way does innovation contribute to a company's growth?
What is the purpose of using a cork board in the context of brainstorming ideas?
What is the purpose of using a cork board in the context of brainstorming ideas?
How does role playing benefit participants during brainstorming sessions?
How does role playing benefit participants during brainstorming sessions?
What does attribute listing involve in the process of idea generation?
What does attribute listing involve in the process of idea generation?
Describe the role of visualization in problem-solving.
Describe the role of visualization in problem-solving.
What are picture prompts used for in brainstorming sessions?
What are picture prompts used for in brainstorming sessions?
Explain the process of morphological analysis.
Explain the process of morphological analysis.
What is the 'forced relationships' technique and how does it function?
What is the 'forced relationships' technique and how does it function?
In what way can daydreaming contribute to idea generation?
In what way can daydreaming contribute to idea generation?
How does reverse thinking change the approach to problem solving?
How does reverse thinking change the approach to problem solving?
What is the significance of providing irrelevant images during the use of picture prompts?
What is the significance of providing irrelevant images during the use of picture prompts?
Describe the incubation process involved in visualization.
Describe the incubation process involved in visualization.
Why is it beneficial for participants to share ideas after initial individual brainstorming?
Why is it beneficial for participants to share ideas after initial individual brainstorming?
How can the attribute listing method influence product development?
How can the attribute listing method influence product development?
What impacts can role playing have on inhibitions in a brainstorming environment?
What impacts can role playing have on inhibitions in a brainstorming environment?
What defines a solution in the context of entrepreneurship?
What defines a solution in the context of entrepreneurship?
How does entrepreneurial problem-solving bridge the gap in innovation?
How does entrepreneurial problem-solving bridge the gap in innovation?
What is the significance of the idea generation process?
What is the significance of the idea generation process?
What distinguishes tangible ideas from intangible ideas?
What distinguishes tangible ideas from intangible ideas?
Describe the SCAMPER technique in idea generation.
Describe the SCAMPER technique in idea generation.
What is the primary focus of brainstorming during the idea generation process?
What is the primary focus of brainstorming during the idea generation process?
How does mind mapping contribute to idea generation?
How does mind mapping contribute to idea generation?
What is the main purpose of synectics in creativity and problem-solving?
What is the main purpose of synectics in creativity and problem-solving?
Explain the concept of storyboarding in the context of idea generation.
Explain the concept of storyboarding in the context of idea generation.
In what way can personal problems lead to entrepreneurial opportunities?
In what way can personal problems lead to entrepreneurial opportunities?
What iterative process occurs after generating an idea?
What iterative process occurs after generating an idea?
Why is the phase of receiving feedback critical after testing a new idea?
Why is the phase of receiving feedback critical after testing a new idea?
How does the brainstorming process differ when conducted in groups versus individually?
How does the brainstorming process differ when conducted in groups versus individually?
What are the benefits of using the iterative approach in the idea generation process?
What are the benefits of using the iterative approach in the idea generation process?
Why are bizarre or strange ideas accepted in brainstorming sessions?
Why are bizarre or strange ideas accepted in brainstorming sessions?
What defines a missing market in microeconomics?
What defines a missing market in microeconomics?
List two reasons that might lead to the existence of a missing market.
List two reasons that might lead to the existence of a missing market.
How can psychological barriers affect market participation?
How can psychological barriers affect market participation?
What are the four segments that marketing professionals use to identify target markets?
What are the four segments that marketing professionals use to identify target markets?
Why is identifying a target market crucial for a company?
Why is identifying a target market crucial for a company?
What type of consumer characteristics are considered in demographic segmentation?
What type of consumer characteristics are considered in demographic segmentation?
Give an example of a psychological need that customers might have when interacting with a business.
Give an example of a psychological need that customers might have when interacting with a business.
What is a behavioral market segment based on?
What is a behavioral market segment based on?
How can externalities, like pollution, lead to a missing market?
How can externalities, like pollution, lead to a missing market?
Explain what customer needs are and provide one example.
Explain what customer needs are and provide one example.
How do geographical factors influence market segmentation?
How do geographical factors influence market segmentation?
What might be a consequence of attempting to time the market?
What might be a consequence of attempting to time the market?
What role do customer needs play in building customer loyalty?
What role do customer needs play in building customer loyalty?
Describe what is meant by 'coordination failure' in the context of missing markets.
Describe what is meant by 'coordination failure' in the context of missing markets.
How do companies use behavioral segmentation to introduce new products?
How do companies use behavioral segmentation to introduce new products?
Flashcards
What is a problem in business?
What is a problem in business?
A situation in business where the desired outcome doesn't match the actual outcome, usually with no obvious solution.
What is an entrepreneurial opportunity?
What is an entrepreneurial opportunity?
A chance to create a product or service to meet a real demand in the market.
Identify the root cause
Identify the root cause
The process of finding the root cause of a problem by asking "why" repeatedly.
Understand the issue
Understand the issue
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What is market research?
What is market research?
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Why is recognizing opportunities important for entrepreneurs?
Why is recognizing opportunities important for entrepreneurs?
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What makes an opportunity viable?
What makes an opportunity viable?
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What are business opportunities?
What are business opportunities?
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Visualization
Visualization
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Role Playing
Role Playing
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Attribute Listing
Attribute Listing
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Forced Relationships
Forced Relationships
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Daydreaming
Daydreaming
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Reverse Thinking
Reverse Thinking
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Picture Prompts
Picture Prompts
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Market Research for Product Development
Market Research for Product Development
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Manufacturing Partner
Manufacturing Partner
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Marketing Plan for a New Product
Marketing Plan for a New Product
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Product Launch
Product Launch
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Product Success Evaluation
Product Success Evaluation
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Consumer
Consumer
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Customer
Customer
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Consumer vs. Customer
Consumer vs. Customer
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Consumer Definition
Consumer Definition
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Marketing's Influence on Customers
Marketing's Influence on Customers
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Businesses as Customers
Businesses as Customers
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Target Market Analysis
Target Market Analysis
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Product Innovation
Product Innovation
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Product Development Process
Product Development Process
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Final Customer
Final Customer
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Trade Customer
Trade Customer
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Loyal Customer
Loyal Customer
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Discount Customer
Discount Customer
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Impulsive Customer
Impulsive Customer
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Need-Based Customer
Need-Based Customer
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Wandering Customer
Wandering Customer
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Commercial Consumer
Commercial Consumer
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Discretionary Spending Consumer
Discretionary Spending Consumer
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Extroverted Consumer
Extroverted Consumer
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Inferior Goods Consumer
Inferior Goods Consumer
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Market
Market
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Supply
Supply
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What is a solution in entrepreneurship?
What is a solution in entrepreneurship?
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What is entrepreneurial problem solving?
What is entrepreneurial problem solving?
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What is idea generation?
What is idea generation?
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Why is idea generation important?
Why is idea generation important?
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What is SCAMPER?
What is SCAMPER?
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What is brainstorming?
What is brainstorming?
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What is mind mapping?
What is mind mapping?
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What is synectics?
What is synectics?
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What is storyboarding?
What is storyboarding?
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What is a franchise?
What is a franchise?
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Why are franchises considered business opportunities?
Why are franchises considered business opportunities?
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What are idea generation techniques?
What are idea generation techniques?
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How are idea generation techniques iterative?
How are idea generation techniques iterative?
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Why is feedback important in idea generation?
Why is feedback important in idea generation?
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Questioning Assumptions
Questioning Assumptions
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Accidental Genius
Accidental Genius
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Brain Writing
Brain Writing
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Wishing
Wishing
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Socializing
Socializing
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Creativity
Creativity
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Autonomy
Autonomy
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Mastery of a Domain
Mastery of a Domain
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Interest in Disorder
Interest in Disorder
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Self-Assurance
Self-Assurance
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Introversion
Introversion
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Curiosity and Problem-Seeking
Curiosity and Problem-Seeking
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Flexibility
Flexibility
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Originality
Originality
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Innovation
Innovation
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What is a market?
What is a market?
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What is the law of supply?
What is the law of supply?
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What is the law of demand?
What is the law of demand?
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What is the equilibrium price?
What is the equilibrium price?
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What are financial markets?
What are financial markets?
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What are Over-the-Counter (OTC) markets?
What are Over-the-Counter (OTC) markets?
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What is market efficiency?
What is market efficiency?
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What is market regulation?
What is market regulation?
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What is market analysis?
What is market analysis?
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What is consumer segmentation?
What is consumer segmentation?
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What is consumer behavior analysis?
What is consumer behavior analysis?
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What is direct competitor analysis?
What is direct competitor analysis?
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What is indirect competitor analysis?
What is indirect competitor analysis?
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What is complementary product and service analysis?
What is complementary product and service analysis?
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What is diversification analysis?
What is diversification analysis?
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What is a missing market?
What is a missing market?
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What is a target market?
What is a target market?
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What are market segments?
What are market segments?
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Explain demographic segmentation.
Explain demographic segmentation.
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Explain geographic segmentation.
Explain geographic segmentation.
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Explain psychographic segmentation.
Explain psychographic segmentation.
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Explain behavioral segmentation.
Explain behavioral segmentation.
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What are customer needs?
What are customer needs?
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What is the customer need for 'friendliness'?
What is the customer need for 'friendliness'?
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What is the customer need for 'empathy'?
What is the customer need for 'empathy'?
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What is the customer need for 'fairness'?
What is the customer need for 'fairness'?
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What is the customer need for 'control'?
What is the customer need for 'control'?
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What is the customer need for 'alternatives'?
What is the customer need for 'alternatives'?
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What is the customer need for 'information'?
What is the customer need for 'information'?
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What is the customer need for 'time'?
What is the customer need for 'time'?
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Friendliness
Friendliness
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Empathy
Empathy
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Fairness
Fairness
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Control
Control
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Alternatives
Alternatives
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Information
Information
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Time
Time
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Focus Groups
Focus Groups
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Customer Surveys
Customer Surveys
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Social Media Listening
Social Media Listening
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Keyword Research
Keyword Research
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Customer Journey Mapping
Customer Journey Mapping
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Excellent Customer Service
Excellent Customer Service
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Building Customer Empathy
Building Customer Empathy
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Predicting Customer Needs
Predicting Customer Needs
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Customer Empathy
Customer Empathy
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Predictive Analytics
Predictive Analytics
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Buyer Persona
Buyer Persona
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Loyalty Program
Loyalty Program
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Demand Forecasting
Demand Forecasting
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Enterprise Creation
Enterprise Creation
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Idea Generation
Idea Generation
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Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
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Opportunity Evaluation
Opportunity Evaluation
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Entrepreneurial Planning
Entrepreneurial Planning
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Company Formation
Company Formation
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Business Growth
Business Growth
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SMEs and Job Creation
SMEs and Job Creation
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Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth
Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth
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Study Notes
Problems, Opportunities, and Solutions in Entrepreneurship
- Problem: A situation where desired and actual outcomes differ, typically without an immediate solution. Entrepreneurial problems are challenges demanding solutions to create value and meet market needs.
- Problem Definition Tips:
- Identify the root cause by repeatedly asking "why?"
- Understand the issue and its effects.
- Involve all stakeholders.
- Opportunity: A situation where feasible demand for a product or service exists. Opportunities can arise from human action (intentional or unintended), environmental shifts (technological advances, trends), or problem-solving.
- Opportunity Criteria: Identifiable consumer demand meets the feasibility of satisfying that demand.
- Solution: Implementation of people, processes, information, and technology in a system to address business or technical problems. Solutions are actions, processes, or explanations resolving a problem.
Idea Generation Process
- Idea Generation: A creative process to develop new concepts and convert intangible ideas into tangible ones (ideation). It involves brainstorming many ideas, finding usable ideas, and transferring them to the real world.
- Idea Generation Importance: It helps find new solutions to various problems, consider past ideas, refine previous solutions.
- Idea Generation Process (Iterative): Generate, test, receive feedback, revise, and test again.
- Idea Generation Techniques:
- SCAMPER: Uses action verbs (Substitute, Combine, Adapt, Modify, Put to other uses, Eliminate, Reverse) to spark ideas.
- Brainstorming: Generating numerous solutions to a problem, accepting all ideas without criticism (emphasizing quantity).
- Mind Mapping: A graphical technique to connect information and ideas, creating a relationship web.
- Synectics: A creative problem-solving technique eliciting thought processes.
- Storyboarding: Visual storytelling to explore relationships.
- Role Playing: Taking on different roles to reduce inhibitions and generate unexpected ideas.
- Attribute Listing: Analyzing product components to identify areas for improvement.
- Visualization & Visual Prompts: Visualizing challenges, taking breaks, and connecting ideas.
- Morphological Analysis: Analyzing problem structure and relationships among components.
- Forced Relationships: Combining unrelated concepts to generate fresh ideas.
- Daydreaming: Playful thought processes to connect with problems.
- Reverse Thinking: Reversing problems to generate unexpected solutions.
- Questioning Assumptions: Challenging norms to find novel possibilities.
- Accidental Genius: Using writing to trigger ideas.
- Brainwriting: Passing ideas between participants to expand concepts.
- Wishing: Brainstorming solutions for impossible goals.
- Socializing: Engaging with various people to gain different perspectives.
Creativity/Creative Thinking
- Creativity: The tendency to generate ideas, alternatives, or possibilities useful for solving problems, communicating, and entertaining.
- Creative People Qualities:
- Autonomy: Independence and nonconformity.
- Mastery: High skill level in a domain.
- Interest in Disorder, Contradiction: Challenged by asymmetry.
- Self-Assurance: Confidence, deep self-awareness, and problem-solving ability.
- Introversion: Reflection and inner-direction.
- Curiosity and Problem-Seeking: Identifying unique needs or challenges.
- Flexibility: Using ideas and tools in creative ways.
- Originality: Novel ideas.
Innovation
- Innovation: Successfully implementing new ideas to create value for customers.
- Innovation Importance: Adapting to change, fostering growth, and competing in a dynamic marketplace.
Transforming Ideas into Innovative Products
- Market Research: Understanding target market, competition, and manufacturing processes to develop a marketing plan.
- Manufacturing Partner: Selecting a reliable partner with experience in similar products.
- Marketing Plan: Defining target market, needs, and strategies to reach ideal customers.
- Product Launch: Executing a strategy for planning, budget, coordination, and timetable for product launch.
- Success Evaluation: Analyzing sales, feedback, and market performance to identify improvements.
Consumer vs. Customer
- Consumer: Person using goods/services for personal needs, not related to business.
- Customer: Person purchasing goods/services; can be individual or business. Trade customers resell goods; final customers use them. Types: existing, former, potential.
Defining the Market
- Market: Place where buyers and sellers exchange goods/services (physical or online).
- Market Characteristics: A place for trading, involved people, and something to trade.
- Market Types: Physical, virtual; specific goods/services; economic contexts.
- How Markets Work: Supply and demand determine prices and resource allocation.
- Equilibrium Price: Price where supply equals demand.
- Financial Markets: Places for buying/selling securities (stock, bond, forex markets).
- Market Efficiency: Prices reflecting all available information.
- Market Regulation: Protecting investors, ensuring fairness, preventing fraud.
- Market Identification: Consumer segmentation and behavior analysis, competitor analysis, supplementary product analysis, diversification/foreign market/environmental analysis.
- Missed Market: A situation where a market for an efficient exchange is absent because of lack of demand, access, incentives, externalities, difficulties in coordination, or high transaction costs.
Target Market, Customers, and Their Needs
- Target Market: Group of customers identified as most likely to buy a product/service.
- Target Market Definitions:
- Demographic: Age, income, gender, occupation, education.
- Geographic: Regional preferences.
- Psychographic: Lifestyle, attitudes, interests, values.
- Behavioral: Decisions of current customers.
- Market Segments: Grouping customers based on demographics driving their spending choices.
- Customer Needs: Psychological and physical motivations for purchase and loyalty (e.g., quick support).
- Types of Customer Needs: Friendliness, Empathy, Fairness, Control, Alternatives, Information, Time.
- Customer Need Identification Methods:
- Focus groups
- Customer surveys
- Social media listening
- Keyword research
- Customer journey mapping
- Meeting Customer Needs:
- Excellent customer service
- Empathy
- Predictive analytics (AI)
- Customer knowledge
- Buying pattern understanding
Enterprise Creation and the Economy
- Enterprise Creation: Starting a new business.
- Steps: Idea generation, opportunity evaluation, planning, formation, and growth.
- Economy Importance:
- Reduces unemployment
- Reduces poverty
- Promotes innovation and growth
- Creates employment
- Influences economic performance by introducing new products, methods, and processes.
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