Entrepreneurship and Cultural Values

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Questions and Answers

What is a likely consequence of humane orientation in a society?

The social environment will still be supportive even in the event of failure (correct)

Entrepreneurs will not feel supported in case of errors

Entrepreneurs will be ostracized when they fail

People will be discouraged from trying again after failure

What is one of the reasons why people do not start a business even though they might want to?

Fear of failure (correct)

Lack of support

Lack of resources

Fear of success

What is a positive relationship between humane orientation and entrepreneurial activity?

The relationship between humane orientation and entrepreneurial activity is only seen in high GDP countries

There is no relationship between humane orientation and entrepreneurial activity

The higher the humane orientation, the lower the entrepreneurial activity

The higher the humane orientation, the higher the entrepreneurial activity (correct)

In which type of countries is the effect of humane orientation likely to be stronger?

Low-and-medium GDP countries Signup and view all the answers

What is an outcome of humane orientation in a society?

Entrepreneurs will feel supported and sufficiently secure Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a society with high humane orientation?

The social environment will be supportive even in case of failure Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of a society with low humane orientation?

The social environment will not be supportive in case of failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between humane orientation and entrepreneurial activity in low-and-medium GDP countries?

The higher the humane orientation, the higher the entrepreneurial activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a humane-oriented society?

Rewarding of fairness, altruism, and kindness towards others Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of a high humane orientation in a society?

A conservative attitude and pressure for conformism Signup and view all the answers

In a humane-oriented society, what type of support do people within a close circle receive?

Material, financial, and social support Signup and view all the answers

According to which researchers is humane orientation associated with material, financial, and social support?

Kabasakal & Bodur Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of humane orientation?

Fairness, altruism, and kindness towards others Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of people in a humane-oriented society?

Fair, altruistic, and friendly Signup and view all the answers

In which type of societies is humane orientation more important?

Low-and-medium GDP countries Signup and view all the answers

Who defined humane orientation as the degree to which societies encourage and reward individuals for being fair and kind?

House et al. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why entrepreneurs in high GDP countries can achieve their high-growth and high-innovation goals more easily?

Availability of resources such as law services and technical know-how Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed relationship between performance orientation and high-quality entrepreneurship?

Performance orientation is positively related to high-quality entrepreneurship Signup and view all the answers

In which type of societies do women have the same self-effacing, group morals like men?

Feminine societies Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of future orientation?

Planning, investing in the future, and delaying gratification Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome of countries with high future orientation?

They have a strong capability and willingness to imagine future contingencies Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected relationship between future orientation and high-quality entrepreneurial activity?

Countries with high future orientation have more high-quality entrepreneurial activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed relationship between the performance orientation and high-quality entrepreneurship in high GDP countries?

The relationship is stronger in high GDP countries Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between masculine and feminine societies?

The disparity between men's values and women's values Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Individualism vs Collectivism

Individualism influences the type of innovation strategy, not the absolute levels
High individualism can be dysfunctional for innovation and has a curvilinear relationship with entrepreneurship
Collectivism helps entrepreneurship by providing social support and resources, especially in low-and-medium GDP countries

Collectivism

Collectivistic societies provide more social support and resources for entrepreneurship
Families in collectivistic societies are more helpful in providing resources and social security
Collectivistic orientation fosters commitment and sacrifice among employees and minimizes uncertainty associated with business creation and innovation implementation

Humane Orientation

Humane orientation is the degree to which societies encourage and reward fairness, altruism, and kindness
In high humane oriented societies, people receive material, financial, and social support
Humane orientation helps entrepreneurship by providing resources and support in the event of failure
It allows for errors and failures, and people are encouraged to try again

Humane Orientation and Entrepreneurship

The positive relationship between humane orientation and entrepreneurial activity is stronger in low-and-medium GDP countries
The effect of humane orientation is likely to be stronger in low-and-medium GDP countries due to the consequences of failure

Power Distance

Power distance measures the degree to which members of a society expect and agree that power should be unequally distributed
Societies with higher power distance tend to have limited upward social mobility, localized information, and social status linked to established power relationships
Research suggests that entrepreneurial activity should be higher in low power distance countries

Performance Orientation

Performance orientation is positively related to high-quality entrepreneurship (high-growth and high-innovation entrepreneurship)
The positive relationship is stronger in high GDP countries than in low-and-medium GDP countries

Masculinity vs Femininity

Masculinity portrays the role of gender and value disparity between men and women in a country
In feminine societies, women have the same self-effacing, group morals as men, whereas in masculine societies, women's ethics differ from men's

Future Orientation

Future orientation addresses the degree to which individuals engage in future-oriented behaviors such as planning and investing in the future
Countries with high future orientation have a strong capability and willingness to imagine future contingencies and formulate future goals
Future orientation is related to high-quality entrepreneurial activity

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Description

This quiz assesses your understanding of the relationship between entrepreneurship and cultural values such as individualism and collectivism. It explores the impact of these values on innovation strategy and entrepreneurship.