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Questions and Answers
What did the criticism of 'trait' research in the 1980s lead to?
How are governmental policies often informed according to the text?
According to Lewin (1951), what influences an individual's behavior?
What is attributed to certain personality traits in individuals in Model (I) of entrepreneurial behavior?
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'Born' vs. 'Made' Entrepreneurs debate affects which area according to the text?
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Which factor does the text emphasize as crucial for entrepreneurial decision-making and risk management?
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What are values, according to Linton (1975)?
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According to Sexton & Bowman (1986), what is entrepreneurship for Americans?
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Which of the following values are suggested for entrepreneurs by Kets de Vries (1984)?
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According to the Gordon Survey of values (1976), what do entrepreneurs have a negative reaction to?
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What attitudes favor entrepreneurial culture, according to J.M. Toulouse (1990)?
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Why do societies favoring entrepreneurship view entrepreneurs as role models?
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Study Notes
Criticism of Trait Research
- Criticism of 'trait' research in the 1980s led to a shift towards other approaches to understanding entrepreneurship.
Governmental Policies
- Governmental policies are often informed by understanding the values and attitudes that foster entrepreneurial culture.
Lewin's Influence on Behavior
- According to Lewin (1951), an individual's behavior is influenced by the interaction between the individual, their environment, and the task.
Model (I) of Entrepreneurial Behavior
- Certain personality traits in individuals are attributed to being responsible for identifying opportunities, organizing, and innovating.
'Born' vs. 'Made' Entrepreneurs Debate
- The 'Born' vs. 'Made' Entrepreneurs debate affects the area of understanding the origins of entrepreneurial behavior.
Crucial Factor for Entrepreneurial Decision-Making
- Risk propensity is emphasized as crucial for entrepreneurial decision-making and risk management.
Values According to Linton
- According to Linton (1975), values are culturally approved goals and orientations that are internalized by individuals.
Entrepreneurship for Americans
- According to Sexton & Bowman (1986), entrepreneurship for Americans is about being one's own boss, being creative, and achieving financial independence.
Values Suggested for Entrepreneurs
- Kets de Vries (1984) suggests that entrepreneurs should possess values such as a strong need for independence, a willingness to take calculated risks, and a tolerance for uncertainty.
Gordon Survey of Values
- According to the Gordon Survey of values (1976), entrepreneurs have a negative reaction to bureaucratic constraints and red tape.
Attitudes Favoring Entrepreneurial Culture
- According to J.M.Toulouse (1990), attitudes that favor entrepreneurial culture include a strong work ethic, a willingness to take risks, and a tolerance for uncertainty.
Societal View of Entrepreneurs
- Societies that favor entrepreneurship view entrepreneurs as role models because they embody the values of innovation, hard work, and creativity.
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Description
Test your knowledge on cultural values and attitudes towards entrepreneurship. Explore different perspectives from authors like Linton, Sexton, Bowman, Kets de Vries, and Gordon Survey. Understand how values influence entrepreneurial behavior and decision-making.
