Enterprise Applications and Ecosystems
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Questions and Answers

An enterprise ecosystem is best described as?

  • A network of companies with cooperative and symbiotic relationships working together to provide consumer value. (correct)
  • A single, large company that controls all aspects of its supply chain and distribution.
  • A government regulatory body overseeing business practices within a specific industry.
  • A collection of independent businesses operating in completely separate markets.

When deciding between a monolithic and microservices architecture, which factor is most crucial for a startup aiming for rapid deployment and minimal initial complexity?

  • The long-term scalability and independence of individual services.
  • The ability to use diverse technologies for different parts of the application.
  • The ease of making changes to the entire application as a single unit. (correct)
  • The fault isolation capabilities each service provides so that the whole application isn't affected..

Which of the following is NOT typically considered a key principle of RESTful API design?

  • Uniform interface, providing a consistent way to interact with the server.
  • Code on demand, where the server can optionally provide executable code to the client. (correct)
  • Layered system, allowing for intermediaries like proxies and load balancers.
  • Statelessness, where the server does not store client state between requests.

Which of the following options is NOT considered an Enterprise?

<p>A family household. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true of interactions among enterprise applications?

<p>Enterprise applications must interact to streamline workflows and data exchange. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do strategic partners NOT typically complement each other?

<p>Competing for the same market share to drive innovation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the BEST example of how activities performed by a person in an enterprise using applications can affect other parts of the enterprise?

<p>A CFO viewing a financial statement that aggregates data from an Accounts Payable manager. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following examples describes an enterprise application?

<p>A customer relationship management (CRM) system used by a corporation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do enterprise applications primarily play in business processes?

<p>They provide support or assistance for activities within a business process, either through automation or interaction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of an organization, how do different roles within a department relate to data?

<p>They play different roles and produce or process different kinds of data, depending on their responsibilities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a delivery notice triggers different reactions from a courier's systems, what concept does this exemplify?

<p>The interactions among enterprise applications where an action can affect other parts of the enterprise. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An organization uses a Product Management System (PMS), a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system, and an analytics system. What are these systems collectively categorized as?

<p>Enterprise applications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST LIKELY result of strategic partners combining their products and services?

<p>A larger value-add for customers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A RESTful API utilizes representations to allow modification of resources. What is the primary benefit of this approach?

<p>It provides a standardized way for clients to interact with resources, regardless of their underlying format. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does HATEOAS (Hypermedia as the Engine of Application State) contribute to the evolvability of a RESTful API?

<p>It allows the API to evolve without breaking clients, as clients discover resources and actions dynamically through hyperlinks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client retrieves a resource representation from a RESTful API. What should this representation include to adhere to the principle of self-descriptive messages?

<p>Instructions on how to process the message and information about actions the client can perform on the resource. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a client-server architecture, which of the following responsibilities primarily falls on the server?

<p>Providing functions or services in response to client requests. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is uniform interface a constraint in RESTful architecture?

<p>To uniquely identify each resource involved in the interaction between the client and the server (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with enterprise solutions?

<p>Limited data storage, focusing only on recent transactions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge when an enterprise uses applications built over many years with different technologies?

<p>Enabling seamless data exchange among various applications. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of enterprise solutions, what does 'persistence' refer to?

<p>The ability of data to survive after the process that created it has ended. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why would an enterprise solution use offline (batch) processing instead of real-time online processing?

<p>To handle complex tasks such as generating financial statements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key challenge in developing enterprise applications, considering evolving business needs?

<p>Ensuring applications are easily adaptable to changing requirements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does REST stand for in the context of REST APIs?

<p>Representational State Transfer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a standard used by REST APIs?

<p>SMTP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the principles outlined, what impact does applying generality to component interfaces have on system architecture?

<p>It simplifies the overall system architecture and improves the visibility of interactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When transferring data between microservices for a business process, what type of data is primarily considered?

<p>Business data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a uniform interface considered a guiding principle of REST?

<p>It simplifies system architecture and enhances interaction visibility. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company is considering using COTS software but realizes it only meets 80% of their business needs. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial step?

<p>Evaluate whether changing business rules to align with the COTS software is feasible. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary disadvantage of customizing a COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) software?

<p>Customization can lead to unsupported configurations and potential maintenance complexities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are COTS solutions generally considered to be of 'less risk' compared to custom-built software?

<p>They have been tested and proven by a large customer base. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company is choosing between a COTS solution and a custom-built software. They value industry best practices. Which solution is more likely to offer this?

<p>A COTS solution, as it often incorporates industry best practices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a benefit of using COTS software regarding hardware requirements?

<p>Companies can often rely on the vendor for hardware considerations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) software and microservices?

<p>COTS software is typically monolithic and not offered as individual microservices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of COTS software regarding data exchange with other applications, assuming standardized technologies are used?

<p>COTS software can exchange data easily with other applications. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST significant implication of a company becoming heavily reliant on a COTS vendor for critical software solutions?

<p>The company becomes dependent on the vendor's continued support and stability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of separating concerns in a client-server architecture?

<p>It allows the client and server components to evolve independently. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of client-server architecture, what does separating user interface concerns from data storage concerns improve?

<p>The portability of the user interface and the scalability of the server. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be ensured as client and server components evolve in a client-server architecture?

<p>The interface or contract between the client and server remains unbroken. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the statelessness constraint affect the client in a client-server communication model?

<p>It mandates that each client request must contain all information necessary to complete the request. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of a server response being labeled as 'cacheable'?

<p>The client can reuse the response data for equivalent requests within a specific period. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a layered system architecture, what constraint is placed on component interaction?

<p>Components can only interact with the immediate layer they are interacting with. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of the 'code on demand' feature in RESTful architectures?

<p>It extends client functionality by downloading and executing code, reducing the need for pre-implemented features. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT directly facilitated by the separation of concerns principle in client-server architecture?

<p>Guaranteed real-time data synchronization between client and server. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Enterprise

An organization or business that may be for-profit or not-for-profit.

Enterprise Ecosystem

A set of companies with complementary relationships creating strategic partnerships.

Enterprise Applications

Software that supports business processes within an organization.

Monolithic Architecture

A software architecture where all components are interconnected and interdependent.

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Microservices Architecture

A software architecture style that structures an application as a collection of loosely connected services.

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COTS Software

Commercial Off-The-Shelf software that is mass-produced for general use.

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Advantages of COTS

COTS software is low-cost, requires no expertise, and comes with vendor support.

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COTS Customization

Modification of COTS software to better fit specific business needs.

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COTS Integration

The process of connecting COTS software with existing systems in an organization.

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COTS Limitations

COTS software may not be flexible and is built for common requirements.

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Monolithic Nature of COTS

COTS products are monolithic, meaning they are not designed as microservices.

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Vendor Dependence

Using COTS software often relies on the vendor for support and updates.

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Customer Support in COTS

Support provided by the vendor, often a major benefit of using COTS software.

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Strategic Partners

Organizations that collaborate to enhance each other’s offerings.

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Value-Add

Additional worth created by combining products and services.

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Business Process

A series of tasks or activities to accomplish a specific goal in an organization.

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CFO’s Role

The Chief Financial Officer manages financial activities and data within a company.

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Accounts Payable Manager

The role responsible for overseeing money owed by the organization to suppliers.

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Enterprise Application Example

Software like CRM or PMS that supports and integrates business processes.

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Impact of Activities

Interactions in business processes can affect different areas of the enterprise.

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Automated Interaction

A business process activity that functions without manual intervention, often supported by software.

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Identification of resources

A unique identifier for each resource in client-server interactions.

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Manipulation of resources

Modifying resource states using uniform representations in server responses.

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Self-descriptive messages

Messages that provide enough info to process them and describe client actions.

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Hypermedia in REST

Using hyperlinks to navigate resource interactions after the initial request.

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Client-Server relationship

A model where clients request services and servers provide them.

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Enterprise Solution

One or more enterprise applications that produce, process, or exchange data to meet business needs.

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Persistent Data

Data that remains stored after the process that created it has ended.

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Concurrency in Data Access

Situation where multiple users access and process the same data at the same time.

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User Interface Screens

Screens that allow different people to process or view the same data in various ways.

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Batch Processing

Offline data processing that occurs in groups rather than in real-time.

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Business Logic

Rules and algorithms that dictate how data is processed based on business requirements.

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Legacy Systems

Older applications that may be incompatible with newer technologies.

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REST API

An application programming interface that follows REST principles for web services.

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JSON Format

A text-based data format commonly used for transmitting data in REST APIs.

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Uniform Interface

A guiding principle of REST that standardizes how components will interact in an architecture.

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Client-Server Design Pattern

A pattern that separates user interface and data storage concerns, allowing independent evolution.

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Separation of Concerns

Dividing a system into distinct features that overlap minimally to enhance manageability.

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Stateless

Each server request must carry all information needed, as the server does not retain any information.

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Cacheable

Responses can be marked as cacheable, allowing clients to reuse data for similar requests.

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Layered System

An architecture composed of hierarchical layers where components interact only with adjacent layers.

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Code on Demand

Allows clients to download and execute code to enhance functionality.

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Client Session State

The client retains all session state, as the server does not store context.

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Contract Between Client and Server

An agreed-upon interface that should remain intact as client and server evolve.

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Study Notes

Week 1: Introduction

  • An enterprise is an organization, business, company, and often includes both for-profit and not-for-profit entities.
  • Enterprises include people, business processes, products, and services.
  • Examples include manufacturing, catering, farming, small, medium, large-sized enterprises, start-ups, state-owned, multinational entities, and government agencies.
  • Domestic and foreign enterprises are also included.
  • A business ecosystem is a group of companies with complementary and synergistic relationships.
  • These relationships build strategic partnerships for delivering value for end-users and customers.
  • Businesses within an ecosystem can complement each other by directly supplying products, combining products and services for a larger value-add, or finding better channels to market.
  • Enterprise applications are large software platforms for corporate use (often consisting of programs with shared business applications and modeling utilities.)
  • Examples include Product Management Systems (PMS), Customer Relations Management (CRM), analytics systems, and vendor management systems.
  • Activities in a business process depend on enterprise applications.
  • Enterprise applications can involve tracking or reporting data using Excel sheets or dashboards.
  • There's a need for data exchange between applications.
  • Enterprise applications have various purposes, including supporting activities within business processes, providing a user interface for a task, and applying predefined business rules for processing input data using tools like the BPM Suite.
  • Data for applications can include analysis, new data production, data storage, retrieval and sending data.
  • Enterprise applications need collaboration to aid with business processes. They can reuse applications for different processes.
  • There are needs for exchanging data between different applications.
  • This collaboration helps automate business processes and improve productivity for an enterprise.

Legacy, Custom, and COTS Enterprise Applications

  • Legacy Systems: These are outdated computing software still in use. They may meet the original design needs, but can't keep up with growth, have difficulty integrating with newer systems, and can be costly to maintain.
  • Custom Systems: These are software applications designed for specific user groups, functions, or organizations. They are tailored to precise requirements, but can be expensive to develop and maintain. They may not have wide-spread support or the flexibility to adapt easily to future changes or business needs.
  • COTS (Commercial Off-the-Shelf) Systems: These pre-built, widely-available systems suit many businesses' basic needs and typically offer more established support and wider adaptability. They might come with pre-built or pre-formatted functionalities and APIs that can be configured, customised, and integrated.

Enterprise Solutions

  • An enterprise solution is one or more enterprise applications that produce, process, or exchange data for meeting business needs.
  • Enterprise solutions integrate various business functions.
  • These integrate parts of a company like databases and business processes to ensure a company can retrieve, share, and disseminate mission-critical data across the company. This gives companies real-time data to help manage.
  • Enterprise solutions use databases like relational databases (like MySQL) or NoSQL databases for efficiently storing large amounts of data that persist through changes in business processes.
  • Database persistence means that the data continues to be stored even after the related process ends.

Application Architecture

  • Monolithic Architecture: A single, large unit with all components integrated.
  • Microservices Architecture: Multiple small independent components that work together.

REST APIs and JSON

  • REST (Representational State Transfer) is a set of architectural constraints used to design interfaces for web services. REST is used for specifying how different modules, services, or programs can communicate.

  • Key concepts of REST include:

    • Uniform interface: Similar methods for communicating and resources are used across all API endpoints.
    • Statelessness: Each request should include all information needed by the server to process it; the server does not retain information about previous requests.
    • Cacheability: Responses can be cached to speed up future requests.
    • Layered system: The architecture has different layers that aren't visible from each other.
    • Client-server: Interactions take place between clients and servers.

  • JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data-interchange format, which is easier for both humans and computers to read and work with and is easily parsed and generated.

Networking

  • A Network Protocol stack comprises many communication protocols.
  • Devices on a network can communicate if they have an identifier (e.g. IP address.)
  • Protocols like TCP or IP help manage communication.
  • DNS (Domain Name System) works as a central registry of hostnames to IP addresses.
  • Network features like load balancers control traffic.

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Week 1: Introduction PDF

Description

Test your knowledge of enterprise ecosystems, application architecture, and RESTful API design principles. Explore how applications impact enterprise activities and data flow. Assess application roles in business processes.

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