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Questions and Answers
Why is enterobiasis commonly observed in children?
Why is enterobiasis commonly observed in children?
- Children are more likely to consume undercooked meat, increasing their risk of infection.
- Children often have closer contact with domestic animals, facilitating zoonotic transmission.
- Children are prone to behaviors that increase the risk of auto-infection, such as scratching and transferring eggs. (correct)
- Children have a weaker immune system, making them more susceptible to parasitic infections.
What is the underlying mechanism by which gravid female Enterobius vermicularis worms cause perianal pruritus?
What is the underlying mechanism by which gravid female Enterobius vermicularis worms cause perianal pruritus?
- The physical irritation and inflammation caused by the movement of the worms and deposition of eggs. (correct)
- The secretion of proteolytic enzymes by the worms degrades the host's epithelial tissue.
- The release of histamine by the worm triggers an allergic reaction in the host's skin.
- The release of neurotoxins by the worm stimulates local nerve endings, causing intense itching.
What is the rationale behind using mebendazole as an effective treatment for enterobiasis?
What is the rationale behind using mebendazole as an effective treatment for enterobiasis?
- Mebendazole blocks the uptake of glucose in the worm, depriving it of energy and causing its demise.
- Mebendazole paralyzes the worm's nervous system, leading to its expulsion from the host's body.
- Mebendazole interferes with the worm's reproductive cycle, preventing the production of eggs.
- Mebendazole inhibits microtubule polymerization in the worm's cells, disrupting their structure and function. (correct)
How does the life cycle of Strongyloides stercoralis differ from that of Enterobius vermicularis in terms of parasitic males?
How does the life cycle of Strongyloides stercoralis differ from that of Enterobius vermicularis in terms of parasitic males?
What is the primary mechanism by which Strongyloides stercoralis larvae penetrate human skin?
What is the primary mechanism by which Strongyloides stercoralis larvae penetrate human skin?
In the context of Strongyloides stercoralis infection, what is the clinical significance of eosinophilia?
In the context of Strongyloides stercoralis infection, what is the clinical significance of eosinophilia?
How does the auto-infective capability of Strongyloides stercoralis complicate the management of infections in immunocompromised patients?
How does the auto-infective capability of Strongyloides stercoralis complicate the management of infections in immunocompromised patients?
What is the most critical difference between treatments for Enterobius vermicularis and Strongyloides stercoralis?
What is the most critical difference between treatments for Enterobius vermicularis and Strongyloides stercoralis?
What is the primary diagnostic method for identifying Enterobius vermicularis infection, and why is this method preferred?
What is the primary diagnostic method for identifying Enterobius vermicularis infection, and why is this method preferred?
What is the primary reason dogs can be hosts for Strongyloides stercoralis?
What is the primary reason dogs can be hosts for Strongyloides stercoralis?
Flashcards
Enterobius vermicularis
Enterobius vermicularis
A common nematode parasite, primarily infecting humans; also known as pinworm
Strongyloides stercoralis
Strongyloides stercoralis
A nematode parasite with three stages: adult worms, eggs, and filariform larvae
Enterobius transmission
Enterobius transmission
Nematode infection via contaminated fingers, commonly affects children.
Pinworm egg deposition
Pinworm egg deposition
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Enterobius infection route
Enterobius infection route
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Enterobius life cycle
Enterobius life cycle
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Gravid female pinworms
Gravid female pinworms
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Strongyloides Transmission
Strongyloides Transmission
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Strongyloidiasis treatment
Strongyloidiasis treatment
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Enterobius hosts
Enterobius hosts
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Study Notes
- Nematodes include Enterobius vermicularis and Strongyloides stercoralis.
Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm)
- Humans are the only host.
- Found in the cecum, appendix, and ascending colon.
- Transmission occurs through contaminated fingers and auto-infection, mainly in children.
- Adult female pinworms deposit eggs on perianal folds.
- Self-inoculation occurs by transferring eggs to the mouth from scratching the perianal area.
- Eggs contaminate surfaces and clothing.
- Upon ingestion, larvae hatch in the small intestine, and adults reside in the colon, especially the cecum.
- The time from ingestion to new egg laying is about one month.
- Adult females measure 8-13 mm, while males measure 2-5 mm.
- Adult lifespan is about 2 months.
- Gravid females migrate nocturnally to lay eggs on the perianal area, causing perianal pruritus.
- Larvae inside eggs develop in 4-6 hours under optimal conditions and become infective.
- Perianal itching or pruritus is caused by worms and eggs in the perianal area.
- Enterobiasis is effectively treated with mebendazole.
Strongyloides stercoralis (Threadworm)
- Humans and dogs are the hosts.
- Exists in three stages: adult worms, eggs, and filariform larvae.
- Resides in the small intestine, particularly in the duodenum and jejunum.
- Filariform larvae in contaminated soil penetrate the skin.
- Often asymptomatic but may cause cutaneous, pulmonary, and intestinal manifestations, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
- Diagnosis involves observing eggs, larvae, or adult forms in the stool and is often associated with eosinophilia.
- Strongyloidiasis can be treated with ivermectin or thiabendazole.
- Filariform larvae penetrate human skin via enzymes, then migrate to the intestine through abdominal viscera or connective tissue.
- In the small intestine, larvae molt twice and become adult worms.
- Female adult worms embed in the submucosa of the small intestine and produce eggs through parthenogenesis.
- Eggs hatch into larvae, which can either be passed in the stool or cause auto-infection.
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