Entero Test Module 4
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Questions and Answers

What is the indication for iron therapy in stool examination?

  • Bile Duct Obstruction
  • Upper GI bleeding (correct)
  • Black stools
  • Lower GI bleeding

    • Which of the following can cause black stools?

  • Rifampin (for TB)
  • Beets and food coloring
  • Barium Sulfate
  • Bismuth (Antacids) (correct)

    • What is the purpose of microscopic analysis in stool examination?

  • To detect presence of parasites in saliva
  • To detect presence of parasites in blood
  • To detect presence of parasites in urine
  • To detect presence of parasites in stool sample (correct)

    • What is the characteristic of single-vial systems?

    <p>Free of formalin and mercury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication for charcoal in stool examination?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a 22mm coverslip in direct saline wet preparation?

    <p>To enhance detail of protozoan cysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can cause yellow, white, or gray stools?

    <p>Biliverdin/Oral Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of mucus in diarrheic stool?

    <p>Much mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between direct saline wet preparation and direct iodine wet preparation?

    <p>The use of Lugol's iodine in direct iodine wet preparation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the procedure that needs fresh specimen and can’t be performed in fixed specimens?

    <p>Direct wet preparation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication for red stools in stool examination?

    <p>Lower GI bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of concentration methods?

    <p>To aggregate parasites and detect small numbers of parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stool is characterized by scanty body and mucus?

    <p>Watery or liquid stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the use of 100x obj in direct saline wet preparation?

    <p>If needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of pus in stool?

    <p>Homogenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the amount of stool used in concentration methods?

    <p>2.5g of stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Entero test also known as?

    <p>String test or duodenal parasite test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Entero test?

    <p>To detect the presence of gastrointestinal parasites or pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the gelatin capsule in the stomach?

    <p>It dissolves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is peristalsis?

    <p>A series of wave-like muscle contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for the weighted string to be carried into the duodenum?

    <p>Approximately 4 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is eliminated in the stool after approximately 4 hours?

    <p>The smallest steel weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding iodine to the specimen?

    <p>To facilitate the identification of any organism present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the Entero test performed?

    <p>When a physician suspects a parasite infection but no parasites were found in a stool sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of specimens can concentration techniques be performed on?

    <p>Fresh or preserved specimens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to protozoan trophozoites when treated with iodine?

    <p>They don't survive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a permanent stain?

    <p>To confirm the presence of protozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of preparation allows lab technicians to view enhanced detailed structures of cyst and/or trophozoite?

    <p>Permanent stain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of concentration methods are mentioned?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to parasites during the sedimentation technique?

    <p>They are at the bottom with the sediments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of parasites that makes them float in the flotation technique?

    <p>They are less dense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of material from ulcers should be examined by direct wet preparations and permanent stains?

    <p>Scraping obtained by aspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal method for identifying Enterobius vermicularis?

    <p>Thinly prepared slide of see-through thickness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stain is limited to iron hematoxylin when using SAF-fixed sample?

    <p>Iron hematoxylin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the magnification power used to view slides under oil immersion field?

    <p>100x</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of specimen is used for parasitic recovery?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stain is used for routine and parasite testing?

    <p>Trichrome stain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of stool screening methods?

    <p>To detect parasitic infections in the stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of parasites are diagnosed using blood?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of viewing 300 fields under oil immersion field?

    <p>To detect parasitic eggs in the stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Upper GI Bleeding

    • Iron therapy can be used to treat upper GI bleeding
    • Alternative single-vial systems are free of formalin and mercury and can be used for concentration techniques

    Lower GI Bleeding

    • Causes of lower GI bleeding include beets, food coloring, and Rifampin (for TB)
    • Microscopic analysis is used to detect the presence of parasites in stool samples

    Bile Duct Obstruction

    • Yellow, white, and gray colors are indicative of bile duct obstruction
    • Biliverdin and oral antibiotics can also cause bile duct obstruction

    Microscopic Analysis

    • Three distinct procedures in microscopic analysis:
      • Direct wet preparation: needs fresh specimen, can't be performed in fixed specimens
      • Concentration technique: for helminths, enhances detail of protozoan cysts
      • Direct iodine wet preparation: for trophozoite, enhances detail of protozoa

    Stool Consistency

    • Different stool consistencies can indicate different conditions:
      • MUSHY: pus, colloidal (homogenous)
      • LOOSE: mucous, scanty mucus
      • DIARRHEIC (watery or liquid): much mucus
      • FORMED (or hard): scanty body
      • SEMI FORMED: mucus with scanty body

    Entero Test

    • Also known as string test or duodenal parasite test
    • Convenient method of sampling duodenal contents/gastrointestinal fluid
    • Purpose: to examine and detect the presence of gastrointestinal parasites or any enteric pathogens
    • Performed when a physician suspects parasite infection, but no parasites were found in a stool sample
    • Sensitivity is comparable to duodenal aspirate, it eliminates the need of duodenal intubation

    Concentration Methods

    • Two types of concentration methods:
      • Sedimentation technique: parasites are at the bottom with the sediments after centrifugation
      • Flotation technique: parasites float at the surface, parasites are less dense

    Permanent Stain

    • Microscope slide that contains fixed samples that has been allowed to dry
    • Designed to confirm the presence of protozoa cyst and/or trophozoite
    • Not the ideal method for identification

    Other Specimen for Parasitic Recovery

    • Blood
    • Cerebrospinal fluid and other
    • Tissue and biopsy specimen
    • Sputum
    • Urine and Genital Secretions
    • Eye specimens
    • Mouth Scrapings and Nasal discharge
    • Skin snips
    • Culture methods
    • Animal Inoculation and Xenodiagnosis

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    Description

    This quiz is about the Entero test, specifically module 4, which covers the process of a capsule being swallowed and dissolved in the stomach, and the role of peristalsis in the digestive system.

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