Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of parasites move by cilia?
Which type of parasites move by cilia?
- Flagellates
- Ciliates (correct)
- Apicomplexa
- Amoebae
What is the main characteristic of roundworms (Nematodes)?
What is the main characteristic of roundworms (Nematodes)?
- Unicellular
- Specialized cells
- Elongated, cylindrical, unsegmented (correct)
- Segmented body
Which type of parasite has a tape-like, segmented body?
Which type of parasite has a tape-like, segmented body?
- Amoebae
- Flagellates
- Cestodes (correct)
- Trematodes
What is the mnemonic for remembering the body shape of trematodes and cestodes?
What is the mnemonic for remembering the body shape of trematodes and cestodes?
Which protozoan parasite is capable of causing sporadic or epidemic diarrheal illness?
Which protozoan parasite is capable of causing sporadic or epidemic diarrheal illness?
What is an important cause of waterborne and foodborne disease, daycare center outbreaks, and illness in international travelers?
What is an important cause of waterborne and foodborne disease, daycare center outbreaks, and illness in international travelers?
What is the mode of movement for Giardia lamblia?
What is the mode of movement for Giardia lamblia?
Which of the following is the infectious and diagnostic stage of Entamoeba histolytica?
Which of the following is the infectious and diagnostic stage of Entamoeba histolytica?
Which of the following parasites is known to cause liver abscess as a complication?
Which of the following parasites is known to cause liver abscess as a complication?
A patient presented with bloody diarrhea with mucus. Which parasite could be responsible for this clinical manifestation?
A patient presented with bloody diarrhea with mucus. Which parasite could be responsible for this clinical manifestation?
What is the complication of chronic giardiasis in children?
What is the complication of chronic giardiasis in children?
Which species of Entamoeba is pathogenic?
Which species of Entamoeba is pathogenic?
How is cryptosporidium transmitted?
How is cryptosporidium transmitted?
Which of the following is a good specimen for diagnosis of giardiasis?
Which of the following is a good specimen for diagnosis of giardiasis?
Where does excystation take place for Entamoeba histolytica?
Where does excystation take place for Entamoeba histolytica?
What is the drug of choice for amoebic dysentery?
What is the drug of choice for amoebic dysentery?
Which stage of Giardia is responsible for causing the disease by attaching to the mucosal surface and damaging the duodenal epithelium?
Which stage of Giardia is responsible for causing the disease by attaching to the mucosal surface and damaging the duodenal epithelium?
How do Giardia cysts survive in the stomach to pass into the duodenum?
How do Giardia cysts survive in the stomach to pass into the duodenum?
What is the drug of choice for treating giardiasis?
What is the drug of choice for treating giardiasis?
Which organ can be affected by extra-intestinal infections in amebiasis?
Which organ can be affected by extra-intestinal infections in amebiasis?
How is amebiasis primarily transmitted?
How is amebiasis primarily transmitted?
What is a characteristic of Entamoeba histolytica cysts in the environment?
What is a characteristic of Entamoeba histolytica cysts in the environment?
How do Giardia and Entamoeba differ in their life cycle?
How do Giardia and Entamoeba differ in their life cycle?
What are the clinical manifestations of symptomatic intestinal infections caused by Entamoeba histolytica?
What are the clinical manifestations of symptomatic intestinal infections caused by Entamoeba histolytica?
How is intestinal amoebiasis diagnosed?
How is intestinal amoebiasis diagnosed?
What are the symptoms of amebic liver abscess caused by Entamoeba histolytica?
What are the symptoms of amebic liver abscess caused by Entamoeba histolytica?
How is cryptosporidiosis diagnosed?
How is cryptosporidiosis diagnosed?
How is extra-intestinal amoebiasis diagnosed?
How is extra-intestinal amoebiasis diagnosed?
What is the most effective way to prevent cryptosporidiosis?
What is the most effective way to prevent cryptosporidiosis?
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Study Notes
- Entamoeba Histolytica causes both asymptomatic and symptomatic intestinal infections, including amebic dysentery.
- Clinical manifestations of symptomatic intestinal infections range from mild diarrhea to severe amebic dysentery, with abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and bloody/mucous stools.
- Intestinal amoebiasis: Trophozoites have the ability to hydrolyze host tissues and ingest blood cells, causing diarrhea with blood, mucus, and sometimes tenesmus, and may cause serious complications such as intestinal perforation and amebic liver abscess.
- Extraintestinal amoebiasis: Complications include amebic liver abscess, with symptoms such as fever, right upper abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, and a well-defined mass on CT scan.
- Intestinal perforation: A flask-shaped ulcer and inflammatory response in the large intestine can lead to peritonitis and death.
- Diagnosis: Intestinal amoebiasis can be diagnosed through stool examination, which may reveal ingested RBCs, and serology or molecular testing. Extra-intestinal amoebiasis is diagnosed through serology, surgical aspirate, and radiological examination.
- Treatment: Intestinal amoebiasis can be treated with diloxanide furoate for asymptomatic cases, or metronidazole for symptomatic cases. Extra-intestinal amoebiasis is treated with metronidazole.
- Cryptosporidium Parvum: An intracellular protozoan parasite that causes self-limited diarrhea in immunocompetent individuals but can cause severe debilitating diarrhea, weight loss, and malabsorption in immunocompromised patients.
- Cryptosporidiosis: Diagnosis is based on microscopy and Ag detection in stools, and in stool oocysts using a modified acid-fast stain or PCR.
- Prevention and treatment: Hygiene is the most effective way to prevent cryptosporidiosis. In AIDS patients, paromomycin can be used for treatment.
- Comparison with Giardia: Both parasites can cause intestinal infection and diarrhea, but Entamoeba histolytica is capable of causing extraintestinal complications and more severe symptoms, while Cryptosporidium parvum is primarily an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients.
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