Entamoeba Histolytica Infection

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the diameter range of Giardia lamblia?

8-12 mm

What is the mode of infection of Giardia lamblia?

Ingestion of cysts in contaminated water, food, or by the fecal-oral route.

What is the process by which Giardia lamblia trophozoites multiply?

Longitudinal binary fission

What is the stage of Giardia lamblia most commonly found in nondiarrheal faeces?

Cyst Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which Giardia lamblia trophozoites form cysts?

Encystation Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of trophozoites in E.histolytica?

Ingested RBC are usually found in the E.histolytica trophozoites. Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the nucleus in mature cyst of E.histolytica?

The number of nucleus found in mature cyst of E.histolytica is 4. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the parasitic form that is sensitive to environmental changes and disintegrates rapidly upon release from the body?

Trophozoite Signup and view all the answers

What are the morphological forms of Naegleria fowleri?

Amoebic, flagellate, and cystic Signup and view all the answers

What are the diseases caused by Acanthamoeba spp?

Keratitis and Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis (GAE) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of examining triple fecal test in diagnosing Giardia lamblia?

To detect trophozoites in stool specimens, as they firmly attach to the mucous membrane and may not be present in every fecal specimen. Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic motility of Giardia lamblia?

Graceful falling-leaf motility Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical shape of Trichomonas vaginalis?

Pear-shaped, round anterior, and pointy posterior Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis?

Sexual contact Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal pH range for the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis?

pH 5.5-6.0 Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the only ciliate protozoan parasite of humans?

Balantidium coli Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of diagnosis for Balantidium coli infection?

Stool examination, biopsy of intestinal ulcers, and cultures Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for Balantidium coli infection?

Tetracycline, metronidazole, and nitroimidazote Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of reproduction of Balantidium coli?

Transverse binary fission (asexual) and conjugation (sexual) Signup and view all the answers

What is the natural host of Balantidium coli?

Pigs Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of Entamoeba histolytica?

Intestinal amoeba Signup and view all the answers

Which protozoa is known to infect the blood and tissues of humans?

Plasmodium spp. and Leishmania spp. Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of Naegleria fowleri?

Free living amoeba Signup and view all the answers

Which protozoa is known to infect the intestines and atria of humans?

Giardia lamblia and Dientamoeba fragilis Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of Acanthamoeba spp.?

Free living amoeba Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Intestinal Amoeba

Entamoeba histolytica: has 8 nucleus in mature cyst, ingested RBCs are found in trophozoites, and asymptomatic individuals with documented infection should be treated.
Entamoeba coli: has 4 nucleus in mature cyst.
Endolimax nana: a type of intestinal amoeba.
Iodamoeba butschlii: a type of intestinal amoeba.
Blastocystis hominis: a type of intestinal amoeba.

Free Living Amoeba

Naegleria fowleri: has 3 morphological forms (amboebae, flagellates, and cysts).
Acanthamoeba spp.: causes diseases such as keratitis and encephalitis.

Intestinal and Atrial Flagellates and Ciliates

Giardia lamblia:
- Oval and lightly bile-stained, with a diameter of 8-12 mm.
- Has 4 nucleus in mature cyst, with a small eccentric karyosome.
- Clear space beneath the thin cyst wall.
- Infection occurs through ingestion of cysts in contaminated water, food, or via the fecal-oral route.
- Excystation releases trophozoites in the small intestine, which multiply by longitudinal binary fission.
- Encystation occurs as the parasites transit towards the colon.
- Cysts are infectious when passed in the stool or shortly afterward, making person-to-person transmission possible.
- Treatment options include quinacrine, metronidazole, and furazolidone for children.
- Prevention involves avoiding contaminated food and water, proper disposal of feces, good personal hygiene, and proper storage of food and water.
Trichomonas vaginalis:
- Genital flagellate, found in the vagina and urethra.
- Has 3-5 anterior flagella and one undulating membrane.
- Distribution is worldwide, and transmission occurs through sexual contact, contaminated towels, and contaminated examination equipment.
- Infection causes trichomoniasis, which is usually asymptomatic in males but can cause urethritis with a thin, white urethral discharge.
- In females, infection causes vaginitis with an offensive yellowish discharge, and grows optimally at pH 5.5-6.0.
- Diagnosis involves microscopic examination, detection of motile trophozoites in a wet preparation of vaginal or urethral discharge.
- Treatment options are not specified.
Dientamoeba fragilis:
- Has a pear-shaped trophozoite with a length of 10-30 mm and a width of 5-20 mm.
- Has an ovoid nucleus at the anterior, 4 anterior flagella, and an undulating membrane from the anterior to the middle of the body.
- Axostyle runs from the anterior to the posterior and ends like a tail.
- Infection occurs through contaminated food and water, and causes diarrhea.
- Diagnosis involves microscopic examination, and treatment options are not specified.
Balantidium coli:
- Only ciliate protozoan parasite of humans, and the largest protozoan.
- Distribution is worldwide, and natural hosts are pigs, with accidental hosts being humans.
- Reservoirs include monkeys, pigs, and rats.
- Site of infection is the large intestine.
- Trophozoite has a large kidney-shaped macronucleus and a small micronucleus.
- Cyst has a thick and transparent double-layered wall.
- Pathogenesis involves mucosal ulcers and submucosal abscesses.
- Diagnosis involves stool examination, biopsy, and cultures.
- Treatment options include tetracycline, metronidazole, and nitroimidazote.

Life Cycle of Protozoa

Giardia lamblia: excystation releases trophozoites, which multiply by longitudinal binary fission, and encystation occurs as the parasites transit towards the colon.
Trichomonas vaginalis: transmitted by sexual contact, and multiplies by longitudinal binary fission.
Dientamoeba fragilis: no life cycle mentioned.
Balantidium coli: trophozoite multiplies by transverse binary fission, and conjugation occurs.

Blood and Tissue Flagellates

Leishmania spp.: causes diseases such as kala-azar, cutaneous leishmaniasis, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis.
Trypanosoma spp.: causes diseases such as African trypanosomiasis and Chagas disease.

Blood and Tissue Sporozoa

Plasmodium vivax: causes vivax malaria.
Plasmodium ovale: causes ovale malaria.
Plasmodium malariae: causes malariae malaria.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

True or False statements about Entamoeba Histolytica infection, including its life cycle, characteristics, and treatment.