eNOS Function and Atherosclerosis
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Questions and Answers

What happens when there is a lack of eNOS cofactors?

  • eNOS produces antioxidants and protects cellular components
  • eNOS is upregulated and collateral blood flow is increased
  • eNOS becomes coupled and produces more NO
  • eNOS becomes uncoupled and produces strong oxidizing free radicals (correct)

    • What is the effect of endothelial NO on VSMCs?

  • It has no effect on VSMCs
  • It elicits cGMP production and relaxation of VSMCs (correct)
  • It inhibits cGMP production and contraction of VSMCs
  • It causes contraction of VSMCs

    • What is the role of ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 in diseased conditions?

  • It downregulates eNOS expression and activity
  • It inhibits eNOS expression and activity
  • It has no effect on eNOS expression and activity
  • It restores eNOS expression and activity (correct)

    • What is the consequence of eNOS knockout in mice?

    <p>Increased blood pressure and propensity to manifest exaggerated atherogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of endothelial Rho-ROCK signaling on eNOS?

    <p>It inhibits eNOS and reduces NO production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the microvascular permeability?

    <p>Barrier properties of the endothelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following agents increase microvascular permeability?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of quiescent ECs in blood vessels?

    <p>To provide a barrier to solutes and regulate nutrient transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of eNOS in vascular barrier function?

    <p>To control inflammation by regulating NO signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is angiogenesis in the context of blood vessels?

    <p>The formation of new blood vessels from existing ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of endothelial cells in capillaries?

    <p>To provide a selectively permeable barrier between the blood and tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which endothelial cells form new blood vessels in response to tissue injury or increased oxygen demand?

    <p>Angiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does nitric oxide regulate inflammation in endothelial cells?

    <p>By suppressing the expression of adhesion molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme responsible for producing nitric oxide in endothelial cells?

    <p>endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which endothelial cells regulate the movement of substances across the endothelial barrier?

    <p>Transcellular transport via transporters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of neovessel formation is driven by endothelial progenitor cells from the bone marrow?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading cause of limb amputation in diabetic patients?

    <p>Impaired collateralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which growth factor stimulates angiogenesis, increases vascular permeability, and stimulates cell migration in endothelial and myeloid cells?

    <p>VEGF-A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of patients affected by critical limb ischemia?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which new lymphatic blood vessels are formed?

    <p>Lymphangiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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