Enlightenment Ideas and Separation of Power
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of a political association according to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?

  • To establish a sovereign state
  • To restrict individual liberties
  • To protect the natural and inalienable rights of man (correct)
  • To promote colonialism and imperialism

    • What is the source of all sovereignty according to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?

  • The aristocracy and nobility
  • The church and religious institutions
  • The monarch or ruler
  • The nation as a whole (correct)

    • What is the definition of liberty according to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?

  • The power to do whatever one desires
  • The power to do whatever is not injurious to others (correct)
  • The freedom to participate in the slave trade
  • The right to rebel against the government

    • What is the primary purpose of law according to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?

    <p>To forbid actions that are injurious to society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, who has the right to participate in the formation of law?

    <p>All citizens have the right to participate personally or through their representatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between citizens and the law according to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?

    <p>Citizens are equal before the law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental principle of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen regarding individual rights?

    <p>Rights are bestowed upon citizens by birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of the state according to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?

    <p>To protect the natural and inalienable rights of man</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying philosophy of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?

    <p>Enlightenment values and liberalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a fundamental principle of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?

    <p>The promotion of colonialism and imperialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Emergence of Enlightenment Ideas

    • Philosophers like John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau proposed a society based on freedom, equal laws, and opportunities for all.
    • Locke's Two Treatises of Government refuted the doctrine of the divine and absolute right of the monarch.
    • Rousseau advanced the idea of a social contract between people and their representatives.

    The Concept of Separation of Power

    • Montesquieu's The Spirit of the Laws proposed a division of power within the government between the legislative, executive, and judiciary.
    • This model was adopted in the USA after the American Revolution.

    The Impact of Enlightenment Ideas

    • The American Constitution and its guarantee of individual rights influenced political thinkers in France.
    • The ideas of philosophers were discussed in salons and coffee-houses and spread through books and newspapers.

    The French Social Context

    • The middle class, comprising merchants, manufacturers, and professionals, emerged in the 18th century and sought to end privileges.
    • They believed that no group in society should be privileged by birth.
    • The growing middle class was educated and had access to new ideas.

    The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

    • The Constitution began with a Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, establishing 'natural and inalienable' rights.
    • These rights included the right to life, freedom of speech, freedom of opinion, equality before law, and security.
    • The state was responsible for protecting each citizen's natural rights.

    The Principles of the French Revolution

    • The aim of every political association is to preserve the natural and inalienable rights of man.
    • Sovereignty resides in the nation, and no group or individual may exercise authority that does not come from the people.
    • Liberty consists of the power to do whatever is not injurious to others.
    • The law has the right to forbid only actions that are injurious to society.

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    Explore the emergence of Enlightenment ideas and the concept of separation of power, as proposed by philosophers like John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau, and Montesquieu.

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