169 Questions
What concept refers to the value placed on control and tradition in a culture?
Uncertainty Avoidance
Which dimension of culture emphasizes respect for authority and sees authority figures as having inherent superiority?
Power Distribution
Which cultural dimension relates to material wealth, success, and competitiveness?
Masculinity/Femininity Cultures
What concept distinguishes between cultures that value individual freedom and those that emphasize group well-being?
Individualism/Collectivism
In a culture with high-context communication, what is typically valued more than direct honesty?
Indirect communication and relationships
According to Charles Cooley's Looking-glass self-Theory, how do we develop an image of ourselves?
From the way others view us
Which cultural time perspective values time as a finite resource closely linked to money and respect?
Monochronic (Mono)
What is the term for cultures that see time as an endlessly renewing resource with an abundance of it available?
Polychronic (Poly)
In the Johari Window model, what do the rows represent?
What others know in the relationship
What are the three steps of the Perception process?
Selection, Organization, Interpretation
In the context of Attribution, how would you describe Internal attribution?
Explaining behavior based on personality
What concept involves being able to visualize something based on past experiences?
Schemata
'Positivity Bias,' also known as the Halo Effect, is associated with which type of perception?
Focusing only on the positive aspects of a person
What does the Uncertainty Reduction Theory focus on?
Decreasing uncertainty between strangers to increase communication effectiveness
Which term refers to the idea that gender is not fixed, but rather shaped by societal norms and expectations?
Gender identity
What term is used to describe the behaviors and activities that a society deems appropriate for men and women?
Roles
In the context of intercultural competence, what does 'Communication Accommodation' refer to?
Adjusting communication style to suit a particular culture or individual
What concept suggests that individuals have the ability to attribute multiple causes to behavior?
Attributional Complexity
What term refers to the understanding and acceptance of cultural differences?
World-Mindedness
Which type of communication involves the use of spoken or written words?
Verbal communication
What term characterizes the behaviors, expressions, gestures, and body language that convey messages without words?
Nonverbal communication
Which term best describes Mari's situation where her detailed stories result in listeners losing interest?
Social Roles
What communication concept is illustrated when Allen interprets Dana's scowl to mean she is unhappy with her test score?
Self-monitoring
Which term is exemplified when a person in the theater answers their cell phone during a movie?
External noise
In which scenario is the concept of self-fulfilling prophecy most evident?
Talesha doubting her speed in a race
Which term is best represented when Adai seeks clarification from Mark to validate his understanding?
Selection
What concept involves trying to understand Dana's scowl based on context and cues?
Decoding
Which term best explains Talesha's belief that she will not win the race influencing her performance?
Self-fulfilling prophecy
What is the most common type of archaeological remains found from the past?
Stone tools
In archaeology, what does 'subsistence pattern' refer to?
The plants and animals consumed by prehistoric people
What does the economy aspect in archaeology primarily focus on?
Food procurement
Which archaeological tool is commonly used during survey and excavation processes?
Metal detector
What is the primary function of technology in understanding ancient societies?
To convert natural resources into tools
What characterizes the ideology aspect of ancient societies?
Religious beliefs
What do stratified sites in archaeology help researchers determine?
The chronological sequence of occupations
What is the main aim of archaeology in studying the human past?
To learn about changes in human biology and behavior over time
Why is the archaeological record considered incomplete?
As a result of the dynamic nature of human history and limited preservation of material remains
What does prehistory refer to?
The time before written records were created
Which components make up the archaeological record?
Features, bones & teeth, and stratigraphy among others
What is the primary focus of studying past lifeways in archaeology?
To learn about how societies and individuals lived in the past
Why do archaeologists face challenges in learning about past lifeways?
As a result of incomplete archaeological records and the dynamic nature of human history
What does the term 'Organization' refer to in the context of human society?
The relationships and activities structured between individuals and groups
In human societies, what do Kinship & marriage systems primarily concern?
Relations between women & men and family structures
Which aspect of human society refers to a conceptual framework that structures people's ideas about the order of the universe and their place in it?
Ideology
Which example is related to Ideology expressed through art and architecture in the New World?
Teotihuacan and astronomical alignments
In which type of society are Class distinctions most prominently seen?
Ranked societies
What does the term 'Class Societies' primarily imply about social organization?
Hierarchical ranking based on economic status
How are relationships among different segments of society structured in terms of 'Organization'?
'Ethnic groups' influence societal relations
'Ideology' is often expressed in what forms that reflect people's understanding of the universe?
Art and architecture
What does prehistory refer to in archaeology?
The time before written records appeared
What is the primary aim of archaeology in studying the human past?
To learn about human behavior and lifeways
Why are many archaeological sites described as 'stratified'?
Because they contain various layers of deposits from different time periods
Which aspect is primarily focused on in the economy component of archaeology?
Trade, production, and resource allocation
What is the main challenge archaeologists face when learning about past lifeways?
Incomplete archaeological record
Which term best describes the static material remains of past human lifeways?
Archaeological record
What aspect do archaeologists primarily focus on when studying the four general aspects of society and behavior?
Economy
In human society, what do Kinship & marriage systems primarily focus on?
Structuring relationships among different segments of society
What aspect of society concerns relations between women & men and among different segments of society?
Kinship & marriage systems
What does 'Organization' refer to in the context of human society?
Structure of relationships and activities
Which type of society is most likely to have prominent Class distinctions?
Ranked society
In the context of Ideology, what do art & architecture often serve as?
Symbols of power
What is the primary focus when considering Aspects of Society & Behavior?
Relationship structures
How do Egalitarian societies differ from Ranked societies?
Presence of distinct social classes
'Ideology' in human society is most commonly expressed through which means?
'Art & architecture'
What is the primary focus of the economy aspect in archaeology?
Understanding how people obtained foods and goods to sustain their lives
Which aspects are covered under technology in archaeology?
Tools, techniques, and knowledge used to convert natural resources into products
What does the term 'subsistence pattern' refer to in archaeology?
The plants and animals consumed by prehistoric people and how they were obtained
How are stratified sites important in archaeology?
They reveal the chronological sequence of human activities at a site
What is the significance of features like dwelling wall postholes in archaeology?
They provide insights into the social organization of ancient societies
Why are artifacts like Maya pottery important for archaeologists?
To uncover trade networks and economic activities
How do ecofacts contribute to archaeological research?
By offering information on past environmental conditions and human interactions with nature
Emotions and moods are two separate concepts that do not influence each other.
False
Primary emotions are the most complex and least used emotions.
False
Blended emotions are created from a combination of secondary and tertiary emotions.
False
Emotional Intelligence involves understanding and controlling one's own emotions but not recognizing others' emotions.
False
Physiological arousal is the body's response to emotions, like blushing when embarrassed.
True
Labeling in emotions refers to becoming aware of emotional interpretations by labeling them with corresponding feelings.
True
Verbal expression is not an effective way to communicate one's emotions.
False
Nonverbal expression includes only facial expressions when communicating emotions.
False
Discerning in the listening process involves focusing more on body language and tone of voice rather than the content of the message.
True
Listening requires a higher level of effort compared to hearing.
True
Task-oriented listening style prefers brief and accurate messages to focus on task completion.
True
Appreciative listening function involves providing advice and judgment in the conversation.
False
Recalling is the final step in the listening process.
True
Analytical listening style involves evaluating the message carefully and offering advice or judgment.
True
Hearing is a passive behavior of receiving sound, while listening involves interpreting sound through other senses to understand a message.
True
Comprehensive listening function focuses on asking questions to enhance understanding.
True
Verbal communication plays a significant role in reducing uncertainty and increasing the likelihood of relationship success.
True
Deception occurs when individuals use informative and truthful language to mislead others.
False
Defensive messages are polite responses to suggestions, criticism, or perceived slights.
False
Communication Apprehension is associated with a feeling of fear or anxiety during social interactions.
True
Verbal aggression involves constructively discussing different points of view without attacking someone's character or abilities.
False
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that the words we attach to things can influence how we experience and perceive them.
True
Crafting Conversations focuses on unstructured patterns of talk to establish relationships.
False
Active ownership in communication refers to passive listening without taking any responsibility for the conversation.
False
Nonverbal communication primarily relies on verbal cues rather than nonverbal cues.
False
Proxemics focuses on the use of physical distance to convey a message, regardless of cultural influences.
False
Haptics refers to the use of sound to communicate messages effectively.
False
Vocalics includes elements such as tone, pitch, and volume of voice in communication.
True
Physical appearance does not play a significant role in sending messages through nonverbal communication.
False
Artifacts can be used as a form of nonverbal communication by displaying objects like flowers or stuffed animals.
True
Environmental factors have no impact on setting the mood or conveying preferences through nonverbal cues.
False
Kinesics primarily focuses on the use of verbal language in communication.
False
High extraversion individuals tend to experience negative emotions more frequently than low extraversion individuals.
False
Venting as an emotional management strategy involves consciously inhibiting the outward expression of emotions.
False
Encounter Avoidance is an emotional management strategy that involves intentionally avoiding specific topics to prevent unwanted emotions.
True
Deactivation as an emotional management strategy involves analytically desensitizing oneself to emotional experiences.
True
Reappraisal is an emotional management strategy that entails changing the meaning of emotion-eliciting situations to alter their emotional impact.
True
Suppression as an emotional management strategy involves intentionally devoting attention only to aspects of an event that will not provoke undesirable emotions.
False
Encounter Structuring involves avoiding people, places, or activities that provoke unwanted emotions.
False
Acceptance as an emotional management strategy involves allowing emotions to dominate thoughts and explosively expressing them.
False
Verbal communication frequency does not impact the level of uncertainty in relationships.
False
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that the word attached to an object does not influence how it is experienced.
False
Deception occurs when individuals deliberately use informative and truthful language to mislead others.
False
Defensive messages are impolite responses given in reaction to suggestions or criticism.
True
Communication Apprehension is associated with a feeling of confidence and ease during social interactions.
False
Crafting Conversations emphasizes structured patterns of talk to establish relationships.
False
Shaping Thought primarily refers to the process of influencing others' perceptions through nonverbal cues.
False
Naming involves assigning labels to objects or concepts to convey meaning.
True
Sharing Meaning is only achieved through verbal communication.
False
Speech Actions focus solely on the words spoken, excluding any nonverbal cues.
False
Appreciative listening function involves wanting to understand and asking questions to enhance your understanding.
False
Task-oriented listening style prefers messages that are brief, accurate, and to the point to focus on task completion.
True
Hearing is a learned behavior that requires high effort compared to listening.
False
Comprehend listening function involves carefully evaluating the message and putting advice/judgment in the conversation.
False
Listening requires wanting to engage with sounds, but you don't need to hear to listen.
True
Phonological rules govern how words are pronounced in verbal communication.
True
Semantic rules primarily focus on the spelling and sentence structure of words.
False
Crafting conversations involves following strict guidelines to ensure precise communication.
False
Naming is the process of creating linguistic symbols for objects.
True
Speech actions can include questions, statements, but not answers.
False
Listening behavior where someone interrupts and completes your sentence for you is called Surface listening.
False
Eavesdropping involves hearing conversations out of context.
True
Incompetent listening behaviors include Narcissistic listening, where the listener tries to make the conversation about themselves.
True
Denotative communication uses symbols with flexible rules to create a structured system for conveying meaning.
False
Critical listening focuses on withholding judgment until all facts have been considered before forming an opinion.
False
Venting is an emotional management strategy that involves consciously inhibiting the outward expression of emotions.
False
Acceptance as an emotional management strategy involves acknowledging that emotions are inherent to human nature and refraining from judging them as good or bad.
True
Encounter Avoidance is an emotional management strategy that involves intentionally seeking out situations that provoke undesirable emotions.
False
Deactivation as an emotional management strategy involves desensitizing oneself to emotional experiences analytically.
True
Reappraisal involves actively changing how one thinks about situations to increase their emotional impact.
False
Labeling is the process of becoming aware of how you interpret arousal or reactions by labeling them with emotions.
True
Speech actions focus solely on the words spoken, excluding any nonverbal cues.
False
Naming involves assigning labels to objects or concepts to convey meaning.
True
Blended emotions are created from a combination of primary and secondary emotions.
False
Sharing meaning is primarily achieved through nonverbal communication.
False
Comprehensive listening function focuses on asking questions to deepen understanding.
True
In crafting conversations, shaping thought involves passively listening without actively engaging in the conversation.
False
Physical appearance plays a significant role in sending messages through nonverbal communication.
True
Defensive messages are polite responses given in reaction to suggestions or criticism.
False
Environmental factors have no impact on setting the mood or conveying preferences through nonverbal cues.
False
Which dimension of workplace relationships involves telling the other what to do?
Superiority
What aspect of workplace relationships focuses on making the other person feel comfortable and engaged?
Supportive inviting
In workplace relationships, which strategy involves manipulation such as 'if you love me...'?
Certainty
Which dimension of workplace relationships focuses on describing the situation to help others understand?
Description
What aspect of relationships involves openness and letting the other person decide?
Autonomy
Which type of workplace relationship displays a lack of response or reaction, giving off an impression of not caring?
Neutrality
What are the 6 elements of Romantic Relationships discussed in the text?
Positivity, Assurances, Sharing Tasks, Acceptance, Self-disclosure, Relationship Talks
Which of the following is a common Relationship Challenge highlighted in the text?
Betrayal, Infidelity, Jealousy
In the context of Romantic Love Types discussed in the text, what is the difference between Passionate Love and Companionate Love?
Passionate Love is about novelty and excitement while Companionate Love centers around comfort and predictability.
What are the two main Family Communication Patterns discussed in the text?
Conformity and Conversation Orientation
Which concept refers to the balance between autonomy and connection in relationships?
Relational Dialectics
In the realm of Romantic Relationships discussed in the text, which is essential for managing the balance between novelty and predictability?
Relationship Talks
What is the stage in a relationship where one or both partners decide to physically distance themselves?
Avoiding stage
Relational Dialectics refers to the tension between which two aspects in a relationship?
Openness vs. protection
In the context of Relational Dialectics, which situation exemplifies autonomy vs. connection?
Wanting independence while the other person desires a closer bond
In a relationship, if one partner wants to share more personal information while the other prefers privacy, they are experiencing:
Openness vs. protection dialectic
During which stage of relationship termination do couples often discuss the past, present, and future of their relationship?
Terminating stage
Which aspect of a relationship involves wanting to maintain individual freedom while also creating a close bond with the partner?
Autonomy vs. connection dilemma
Test your knowledge on ways to enhance intercultural competence, world-mindedness, attributional complexity, and communication accommodation. Explore concepts related to gender, gender identity, social constructs, roles, and communication in Chapter 6.
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