40 Questions
What are the different morphological word formation processes that can be used to create a new English word?
Affixation, borrowing, blending, clipping, compounding, and coining.
What is semantic change?
Semantic change is when the word as a name of the object is being transferred from one referent (object or phenomenon) onto another.
What are the two types of transference distinguished in semantic change?
Transference based on resemblance (metaphor) and transference based on contiguity (metonymy).
What is metaphor?
Metaphor is the transference of the word as a name from one object onto another on the basis of similarity of certain features characteristic of both objects.
What are the different types of resemblance that metaphor can be based on?
Similarity of shape, similarity of position, or similarity of function or behaviour.
What are metonymical associations based upon?
Metonymical associations are based upon subtle links between different objects and phenomena.
What is an example of metonymy in the text?
In the sentence: 'Wall Street prefers lower taxes', the New York City street stands in for (or is a 'metonym' for) the entire American financial industry.
What is blending in morphological word formation?
Blending is combining parts of two words to create a new word, such as motel (hotel + motor).
What is clipping in morphological word formation?
Clipping is shortening a word to create a new word, such as ad (advertisement).
What is coining in morphological word formation?
Coining is creating a completely new word, such as nerd.
Morphological word formation processes such as affixation, borrowing, blending or clipping can be used to create a new ______.
word
Metaphor can be based on similarity of ______, similarity of position or similarity of function or behaviour.
shape
Transference of the word as a name from one object onto another on the basis of similarity of certain features characteristic of both objects is called ______.
metaphor
Word can also undergo a semantic change where the word as a name of the object is being transferred from one referent onto another based on ______ or contiguity.
resemblance
In the word 'nerd', the process of creating a new word is called ______.
coining
Transference based on contiguity is also known as ______.
metonymy
Metonymy is a type of transference based on ______ between different objects and phenomena.
subtle links
In the sentence 'fast food', compounding is used to create a new ______.
word
The word 'robot' was created in English through ______ from Czech.
borrowing
In the sentence 'ad' is a clipped form of 'advertisement', the process of creating a new word is called ______.
clipping
Affixation is the only morphological word formation process that can be used to create a new English word.
False
Metaphor is a type of transference based on contiguity.
False
Metonymy can be based on subtle links between different objects and phenomena.
True
Compounding is a morphological word formation process that involves combining two or more complete words to create a new word.
True
Semantic change occurs when the meaning of a word stays the same over time.
False
Borrowing is a morphological word formation process that involves shortening a word.
False
Transference based on resemblance is a type of metonymy.
False
Metaphor can only be based on similarity of shape.
False
Coined words are typically borrowed from other languages.
False
Metonymy involves substituting one word for another based on a logical association between the two.
True
What is the term used to describe the process of creating a new word by combining two or more complete words?
Blending
In morphological word formation, what is borrowing?
Using a word from another language
What is the term used to describe the process of creating a new word by shortening an existing word?
Clipping
What is the term used to describe the process of creating a new word by adding a prefix or suffix to an existing word?
Affixation
What is the term used to describe the process of creating a new word through a semantic change where the word as a name of the object is being transferred from one referent onto another based on similarity of certain features characteristic of both objects?
Metaphor
What is the term used to describe the process of creating a new word through a semantic change where the word as a name of the object is being transferred from one referent onto another based on contiguity?
Metonymy
What is the term used to describe the type of transference in semantic change based on resemblance?
Metaphor
What is the term used to describe the type of transference in semantic change based on contiguity?
Metonymy
What is the term used to describe the type of resemblance in metaphor based on similarity of function or behaviour?
Function or behaviour
What is the term used to describe the type of association in metonymy that is based upon subtle links between different objects and phenomena?
Contiguity
Study Notes
Morphological Word Formation Processes
- Morphological word formation processes that can be used to create a new English word include affixation, borrowing, blending, clipping, and coining.
- Blending is a process that involves combining parts of two words to create a new word.
- Clipping is a process that involves shortening a word to create a new word.
- Coining is a process that involves creating a completely new word.
Semantic Change
- Semantic change occurs when the meaning of a word changes over time.
- There are two types of transference in semantic change: transference based on resemblance and transference based on contiguity.
- Transference based on resemblance involves transferring the word as a name from one object onto another based on similarity of certain features characteristic of both objects.
- Transference based on contiguity involves transferring the word as a name of the object from one referent onto another based on contiguity.
Metaphor and Metonymy
- Metaphor is a type of transference based on resemblance, where a word is used to describe an object or concept that it does not literally denote, based on similarity of shape, position, function, or behavior.
- Metonymy is a type of transference based on contiguity, where a word is used to describe an object or concept that it does not literally denote, based on associations between different objects and phenomena.
Other Key Terms
- Compounding is a morphological word formation process that involves combining two or more complete words to create a new word.
- Affixation is a morphological word formation process that involves adding a prefix or suffix to an existing word to create a new word.
- Borrowing is a morphological word formation process that involves adopting a word from another language into English.
Test your knowledge on English word formation processes and semantic changes in this quiz. Learn about affixation, borrowing, blending, clipping, compounding, coining, and more. See if you can identify examples of each and understand how words can evolve over time.
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