English Structure: Basic Sentence Patterns

Questions and Answers

Which of the following correctly represents the simple past tense of the verb 'to eat'?

eats

eaten

ate (correct)

had eaten

Which tense is denoted by 'will have been dreaming'?

Simple Future

Perfect Progressive Future (correct)

Perfect Future

Progressive Future

In which aspect are actions considered as complete wholes and unchanging?

Perfect Progressive Aspect

Progressive Aspect

Simple Aspect (correct)

Perfect Aspect

What is the primary use of the simple present tense?

To express thoughts and feelings at the present moment Signup and view all the answers

Which pronoun would correctly replace the underlined word in the sentence: 'The teacher gave __ a book.'?

us Signup and view all the answers

Which verb form indicates the perfect aspect?

have + -en Signup and view all the answers

Which sentence illustrates the basic pattern 'N be Adj'?

The car is fast. Signup and view all the answers

What is the possessive form of 'they'?

theirs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about personal pronouns is correct?

Animals related to people can use male or female pronouns. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the sentence that follows the structure 'N1 TrV N2 N3'.

John gave his friend a book. Signup and view all the answers

Which option shows the use of an uninflected word as an adverbial?

The party is tonight. Signup and view all the answers

When referring to inanimate objects, which pronoun is the appropriate choice?

it Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct identification of the pattern in the sentence 'Roses are beautiful'?

N be Adj Signup and view all the answers

In the sentence 'The teacher confiscated his toy and __, too.', which pronoun completes the sentence correctly?

mine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sentences exemplifies the 'N1 TrV = N2' pattern?

The coffee tastes bitter. Signup and view all the answers

Which sentence correctly uses 'not' before the main verb?

She does not like to swim. Signup and view all the answers

In which sentence is 'no' used incorrectly?

He has not any friends. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement properly follows the rule of placing 'not' after the be-verb?

We are not interested in that. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly demonstrates no functioning as a negative determiner?

No dogs are allowed in this area. Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of using 'no' in the sentence 'No, she’s doing library work for an hour'?

She is not coming. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of relative clauses?

To embed one clause within another Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common relative pronoun?

Whenever Signup and view all the answers

What challenge do ESL learners face with English prepositions?

They can co-occur with various verbs, adjectives, and nouns Signup and view all the answers

Which example best illustrates the use of a complex prepositional form?

They succeeded because of hard work. Signup and view all the answers

What does polysemous mean in relation to prepositions?

Prepositions can have multiple meanings Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the use of prepositions?

Prepositions prototypically deal with locating objects in space Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a relative clause?

The book that I borrowed was interesting. Signup and view all the answers

What is a concise way to describe the phrase 'in spite of'?

A complex prepositional form Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Basic Sentence Patterns

N be Adj: Describes a subject using a predicate adjective; e.g., "Roses are sweet."
N be UW (Uninflected Word): Indicates location or occurrence with adverbials; e.g., "The meeting was yesterday."
N1 be N1: Both nouns have the same referent; the second noun is a predicate nominative; e.g., "Her neighbor is my cousin."
N InV (Intransitive Verb): The verb does not take an object; e.g., "Glasses break."
N1 TrV (Transitive Verb) N2: N2 receives the action from N1; e.g., "The girl buys yellow roses."
N1 TrV N2 N3: Involves two different noun objects; indicates the action involves distinct recipients; e.g., "Mother gave a gift to the orphan."

Personal Pronouns: Distinction between subject (I, you, he, she, it, we, they) and object forms (me, you, him, her, it, us, them).
Possessive Forms: Include possessive nouns and determiners (mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs).
Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns: Formed with -self and -selves (myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves).
Animals analogous to people can use he/she/him/her; inanimate objects typically use it/its.

Tense-Aspect Combinations

Simple Aspect: Ownership or generalized action.
Present Simple: Represents current thoughts, feelings, or states; e.g., "He lives in Sagada."
Past Simple: Completed actions; e.g., "dreamed" or "ate."
Future Simple: Predictive actions; e.g., "will dream."
Perfect: Indicates complete actions relevant to another time; e.g., "have dreamed."
Progressive: Ongoing actions; e.g., "am dreaming."
Perfect Progressive: Actions that were ongoing before another time; e.g., "have been dreaming."

Use of Adjuncts of Time

Adjuncts provide additional temporal context to actions; can be adverbs, noun groups, or prepositional phrases; e.g., "She’s coming tomorrow."

Relative Clauses

Involve embedding one clause into another; uses pronouns like that, which, who, whom, whose.
Example: "The lady who came into the room was small and slender."

Prepositions

Prepositions pose challenges for ESL learners due to their varied meanings and contextual usages.
Polysemy: Prepositions can have multiple meanings depending on context (space, time, idiomatic).
Complex Forms: Phrases like "because of" or "in spite of" can function as prepositions.
Co-occurrence: Certain prepositions are used with specific verbs, adjectives, or nouns.

Negation

Placement of "not": Generally follows be-verbs and auxiliary verbs but requires a do-support for main verbs; e.g., "The child does not swim in the pool."
Functions as the main negator across different sentence forms: statements, questions, commands, and exclamations.
Can act as a substitute: "No" can negate an entire sentence, whereas "not" functions within a clause.

Key Reminders

Use specific pronouns appropriately for animals, inanimate objects, and collective nouns.
Aim for clarity in subject-object distinctions to convey meaning accurately in sentences.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the fundamental sentence patterns in English, emphasizing subject complements and predicate adjectives. Participants will demonstrate their understanding of grammatical concepts and how they influence meaning and usage. Test your knowledge on the basic building blocks of English sentences!