English Reviewer G10-TB 1st Quarter

News Reports and Their Structure

• News serves to inform the public about global events and can be disseminated through various media: oral communication, print, broadcasting, and electronic platforms.
• A news article typically includes components such as:
  • Headline: Title of the article
  • Byline: Author's name
  • Placeline: Origin of the report
  • Lead: Key information or summary of the story
  • Body: Detailed facts and context (why, how)
  • Tail: Additional information of lesser importance
• The 4 W's and H rule guides the gathering of essential details:
  • Who is involved
  • What occurred
  • When it took place
  • Where it happened
  • How it happened (if space allows)

Panel Discussions and Speeches

• Panel discussions involve expert dialogue on specific topics, often held in public forums like conferences or TV shows.
• Informative speeches aim to enlighten an audience unfamiliar with a subject through both verbal and non-verbal communication.

Textual Aids and Their Importance

• Textual aids provide preliminary insights and activate prior knowledge regarding a topic.
• They organize key concepts (titles) and supporting ideas (subtitles), establishing a hierarchy of importance.
• Illustrations enhance understanding and retention by offering visual representations.
• Tables present data in rows and columns, revealing patterns and relationships visually.
• Graphs visualize data relationships:
  • Bar Graphs: Vertical/horizontal bars representing data.
  • Line Graphs: Show changes over time, ideal for depicting trends.
  • Pie Charts: Illustrate whole divided into parts.
  • Pictographs: Use images to signify quantities.

Elements of a Story

• Central elements include:
  • Setting: Time, place, and environment of the story.
  • Plot: Sequence of events that includes conflict, crisis, and resolution.
  • Characters: Includes the protagonist (main character) and antagonist (opposing force).
  • Point of View: Perspective from which the narrative unfolds.
  • Theme: Central message or insight about the story's subject.
• Freytag’s Pyramid aids in plotting analysis:
  • Exposition introduces setting and characters.
  • Rising Action presents conflict.
  • Climax signifies the peak of tension.
  • Falling Action details the aftermath.
  • Resolution describes the ending's outcomes.

Compare and Contrast Techniques

• Comparison emphasizes similarities, while Contrast highlights differences.
• Identify a basis of comparison and then note differences to effectively elucidate each item's characteristics.
• Evaluate information sources (books, articles, databases) for quality and relevance to ensure credible comparative analysis.

Analytical Listening in Problem Solving

• Analytical skills involve collecting, analyzing information, problem-solving, and decision-making.
• Good communication is essential in sharing and receiving information.
• Analytical Listening enables critical evaluation of messages for effective feedback.
• Types of analytical listening include:
  • Critical Listening focuses on discerning information quality.
  • Comprehensive Listening seeks to fully understand messages for knowledge extraction.
  • Content Listening emphasizes gathering information without immediate judgment.
• The effective analytical listening process involves:
  • Receiving: Actively engaging in listening.
  • Understanding: Deciphering context and meaning.
  • Evaluating: Assessing information details.
  • Responding: Providing feedback accordingly.
  • Remembering: Retaining information for future application.

Problem-Solving Steps

• Define the problem clearly.
• Generate possible alternative solutions.
• Evaluate and select the best option.
• Implement the solution, followed by continuous monitoring for effectiveness.

Language and Meaning

• Denotation refers to a word's literal meaning, devoid of emotional nuances.
• Connotation encompasses additional meanings or emotional associations attached to a word beyond its denotation.