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Questions and Answers
What is the classification of vowels produced with a single vowel nucleus?
How many diphthongs are there in English?
What is the total number of vowel sounds in English?
Which of the following is an example of a diphthong?
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What is the vowel sound represented by the underlined letter in the word 'water'?
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What is the classification of vowels produced by moving the tongue from one vowel position to another?
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What is the vowel sound represented by the underlined letter in the word 'boil'?
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What is the vowel sound represented by the underlined letter in the word 'parent'?
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Which of the following is an example of a monophthong?
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How do diphthongs differ from monophthongs?
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Study Notes
Stress in Words
- Stress is assigned to the first syllable in words like "river", "export", and "driver"
- Words like "induce", "impose", and "intend" have stress on the second syllable
Intonation in Speech
- Intonation refers to the variation in pitch level of the voice when speaking
- Intonation depends on the type of sentence, attitude of the speaker, and listener
- There are different intonation tunes, such as falling, rising, and falling-rising
- Falling tune is used for declaratives, commands, and "wh"-questions
Reading Comprehension
- Reading involves word recognition, comprehension, fluency, and motivation
- Comprehension requires identifying words, constructing meaning, and making meaning automatic and accurate
- Reading can be labored if the processes don't come together smoothly
- Fluency is achieved when reading is automatic and accurate
Expository Writing
- Expository writing engages in a reasoned discussion to secure the reader's acceptance of an opinion on an issue
- Argument involves reasoning and drawing a conclusion from one or more premises
- There are two types of reasoning: inductive and deductive
Types of Reasoning
- Inductive reasoning: making a generalization based on evidence presented
- Deductive reasoning: drawing a conclusion based on one or more premises
Argumentative Writing
- Argumentative writing presents a reasoned discussion on a topic to persuade the reader
- Topics may include developing countries and democracy, co-educational institutions, and capital punishment
Listening
- Listening is a conscious process of receiving, constructing meaning, and responding to spoken and/or non-verbal messages
- Listening involves several actions, interactions, and reactions, from hearing to retention and recall
- A good listener must accurately receive and interpret messages and give feedback
Vowel Sounds
- English vowels are classified into pure vowels (monophthongs) and diphthongs
- There are 12 pure vowels and 8 diphthongs, making a total of 20 vowel sounds in English
- Examples of vowel sounds include /l/, /r/, /w/, and /j/
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Description
Learn about stress patterns in words and intonation in speech, including types of sentences and speaker attitudes.
