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Questions and Answers
What is the classification of vowels produced with a single vowel nucleus?
What is the classification of vowels produced with a single vowel nucleus?
- Monophthongs (correct)
- Diphthongs
- Pure consonants
- Mixed vowels
How many diphthongs are there in English?
How many diphthongs are there in English?
- Eight (correct)
- Ten
- Six
- Twelve
What is the total number of vowel sounds in English?
What is the total number of vowel sounds in English?
- Twenty-two
- Twenty-five
- Twenty (correct)
- Eighteen
Which of the following is an example of a diphthong?
Which of the following is an example of a diphthong?
What is the vowel sound represented by the underlined letter in the word 'water'?
What is the vowel sound represented by the underlined letter in the word 'water'?
What is the classification of vowels produced by moving the tongue from one vowel position to another?
What is the classification of vowels produced by moving the tongue from one vowel position to another?
What is the vowel sound represented by the underlined letter in the word 'boil'?
What is the vowel sound represented by the underlined letter in the word 'boil'?
What is the vowel sound represented by the underlined letter in the word 'parent'?
What is the vowel sound represented by the underlined letter in the word 'parent'?
Which of the following is an example of a monophthong?
Which of the following is an example of a monophthong?
How do diphthongs differ from monophthongs?
How do diphthongs differ from monophthongs?
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Study Notes
Stress in Words
- Stress is assigned to the first syllable in words like "river", "export", and "driver"
- Words like "induce", "impose", and "intend" have stress on the second syllable
Intonation in Speech
- Intonation refers to the variation in pitch level of the voice when speaking
- Intonation depends on the type of sentence, attitude of the speaker, and listener
- There are different intonation tunes, such as falling, rising, and falling-rising
- Falling tune is used for declaratives, commands, and "wh"-questions
Reading Comprehension
- Reading involves word recognition, comprehension, fluency, and motivation
- Comprehension requires identifying words, constructing meaning, and making meaning automatic and accurate
- Reading can be labored if the processes don't come together smoothly
- Fluency is achieved when reading is automatic and accurate
Expository Writing
- Expository writing engages in a reasoned discussion to secure the reader's acceptance of an opinion on an issue
- Argument involves reasoning and drawing a conclusion from one or more premises
- There are two types of reasoning: inductive and deductive
Types of Reasoning
- Inductive reasoning: making a generalization based on evidence presented
- Deductive reasoning: drawing a conclusion based on one or more premises
Argumentative Writing
- Argumentative writing presents a reasoned discussion on a topic to persuade the reader
- Topics may include developing countries and democracy, co-educational institutions, and capital punishment
Listening
- Listening is a conscious process of receiving, constructing meaning, and responding to spoken and/or non-verbal messages
- Listening involves several actions, interactions, and reactions, from hearing to retention and recall
- A good listener must accurately receive and interpret messages and give feedback
Vowel Sounds
- English vowels are classified into pure vowels (monophthongs) and diphthongs
- There are 12 pure vowels and 8 diphthongs, making a total of 20 vowel sounds in English
- Examples of vowel sounds include /l/, /r/, /w/, and /j/
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