English Language History and Loanwords

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following categories includes 'friends'?

  • Verb
  • Adjective
  • Adverb
  • Noun (correct)

What part of speech describes words that modify nouns?

  • Verbs
  • Adjectives (correct)
  • Nouns
  • Pronouns

Which of the following is an example of a verb?

  • Run (correct)
  • Quickly
  • They
  • Happiness

Which part of speech is primarily used to take the place of nouns?

<p>Pronouns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of speech, which is an example of an adverb?

<p>Quickly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the word 'euthanasia'?

<p>A way to help someone die peacefully (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines 'threshold'?

<p>The entrance or beginning of a space (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'bona fide' mean?

<p>Genuine or real (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the origin of 'patio'.

<p>Spanish, meaning 'courtyard' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose the correct definition of 'tontine'.

<p>A financial agreement involving a group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes forms the word 'brunch'?

<p>Blending (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'clipping' refer to in word formation?

<p>Shortening a longer word (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which word formation process involves creating a new word by repeating a sound or syllable?

<p>Reduplicating (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What languages contributed to the roots of Old English?

<p>Gaelic and Teutonic languages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group migrated to England from Gaul, now known as France?

<p>Celts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the mixing of languages that formed Old English begin?

<p>In the fifth century (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following words is NOT derived from Old English?

<p>Innovative (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tribes are known as the Teutonic people?

<p>Angles, Saxons, and Jutes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options best represents the types of words formed from Old English?

<p>Loanwords and processed words (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes play in the formation of English?

<p>They migrated and blended languages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Celts referred to themselves as:

<p>Britons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of speech is used to express an action, a condition, or a state of being?

<p>Verb (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of speech modifies a noun or pronoun?

<p>Adjective (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of speech serves to show the relationship between a noun and another word in the sentence?

<p>Preposition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which definition accurately describes an interjection?

<p>It is a word that expresses feeling or emotion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following words is categorized as a conjunction?

<p>But (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of an adverb in a sentence?

<p>To modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of speech replaces a noun or another pronoun?

<p>Pronoun (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the part of speech that refers to a word naming a person, place, thing, or idea.

<p>Noun (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the sentence 'Gabriel borrowed his brother’s laptop for his online class', what part of speech is 'borrowed'?

<p>Verb (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the sentence 'We know spring is coming, for the river is beginning to thaw', what part of speech is 'for'?

<p>Preposition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the sentence 'Everyone commended him for doing a great job during the conference', what part of speech is 'commended'?

<p>Verb (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a compound word?

<p>jam session (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the sentence 'The principal of the school announced the new rules and regulations for the school year 2021-2022', what part of speech is 'new'?

<p>Adjective (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered clipping?

<p>exam (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the phrase 'some of the members were angry', what part of speech is 'angry'?

<p>Adjective (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the sentence 'A local ice-cream manufacturer is planning to release a new flavor', what part of speech is 'planning'?

<p>Verb (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the sentence 'According to some researchers, research is both a learning and sharing process', what part of speech is 'both'?

<p>Conjunction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of acronyming in word formation?

<p>Creating a word using the first letters of a phrase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the sentence 'As people encounter different ways of life, they gradually alter their speech patterns', what part of speech is 'gradually'?

<p>Adverb (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these types of word formation involves repetition at the beginning and ending of words?

<p>Reduplicating (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the process of affixing?

<p>Adding a prefix or a suffix to a root word (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents an example of reduplicating?

<p>pitter-patter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'abbreviating' refer to?

<p>Shortening a longer word to its initials or a shorter form (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Compounding

The process of combining two or more words to create a new word, often with a new meaning.

Blending

The process of combining two or more words by blending parts of them together, creating a new word.

Clipping

The process of shortening a word by removing some of its letters, often resulting in a new word.

Acronyming

The process of creating a new word from the first letters of a phrase.

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Abbreviating

The process of shortening a word using abbreviations for its parts.

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Reduplicating

A type of word formation that involves repeating parts of a word, either at the beginning or end.

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Affixing

The process of adding prefixes or suffixes to a word to create a new word with a different meaning.

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Inflecting

The process of changing the form of a word to indicate grammatical function, such as tense, number, or case.

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Gaelic

The language spoken by the original inhabitants of England, who migrated from Gaul (modern France).

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Teutonic

A Germanic language spoken by the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes who migrated to England from what is now northern Germany, Holland, and Denmark. It is the ancestor of modern English.

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Old English

A form of English that originated in the 5th century and evolved from a mixture of Gaelic and Teutonic languages. Many words in modern English come from Old English.

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Loanwords

Words adopted from other languages.

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Processed Words

Words that have been altered from their original meaning or form, usually through a process of fusion or change in pronunciation.

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Language Blending

The blending of two or more languages to create a new language. For example, Old English blended Gaelic and Teutonic to form its base.

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Migration

The migration of people from one place to another, often bringing their language and culture with them.

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Intermingling

The act of intermingling with other groups, often leading to cultural exchange and language blending.

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Morphology

The study of how words are formed and their structure, including roots, prefixes, suffixes, and other elements.

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Noun

A word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.

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Pronoun

A word that replaces a noun or another pronoun.

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Verb

A word that expresses action, condition, or state of being.

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Adjective

A word that modifies a noun or pronoun.

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Adverb

A word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.

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Preposition

A word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence.

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Conjunction

A word that connects words or groups of words.

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Interjection

A word or phrase that expresses strong feeling or emotion.

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Patio

A flat, paved outdoor area, often adjacent to a house, used for relaxation or dining.

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Tontine

A financial arrangement in which a group of people invest their money, and the last survivor receives the entire accumulated sum.

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Threshold

The point at which something begins or enters a particular state or place. Often used metaphorically for a turning point or moment of decision.

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Euthanasia

Painlessly ending the life of a person suffering from an incurable illness or condition, often with the consent of the individual.

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Bona fide

Genuine, authentic, or in good faith. Often used to indicate something is real and not fraudulent.

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Article

Those words like 'a,' 'an,' and 'the' that come before nouns and tell us if we're referring to a specific thing or a general thing.

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Study Notes

English Language History and Origin

  • English evolved from a blend of Gaelic and Teutonic languages.
  • Early settlers, including Celts, Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, contributed dialects.
  • Old English, the foundation, comprised Germanic dialects spoken by various tribes.
  • Loanwords are terms adopted from other languages (Latin, French, Greek, etc.).
  • Processed words are developed through compounding, blending, clipping, etc.

Loanwords

  • English borrowed words from many languages.
  • Examples include Latin, French, Greek, Scandinavian, Indian, and Spanish.
    • Latin: altar, jurisprudence
    • French: accuse, brilliant
    • Greek: atmosphere, catastrophe
    • Scandinavian: window, anger
    • Indian: yoga
    • Spanish: rodeo, siesta

Processed Words (Word Formation)

  • English words are created through several methods.
    • Compounding: Combining two words (e.g., sunlight, fairy tale)
    • Blending: Merging parts of words (e.g., brunch, smog)
    • Clipping: Shortening a word (e.g., ad, exam)
    • Acronyming: Forming words from the initials of phrases (e.g., SCUBA, LASER)
    • Abbreviating: Shortening words (e.g., km, DNA)
    • Reduplicating: Repetition of words or parts of words (e.g., wishy-washy, hanky-panky)
    • Affixation: Adding prefixes or suffixes to modify words (e.g., irregular, learner)

Basic Concepts of Parts of Speech (English Proficiency 1)

  • Words are classified into parts of speech based on their function in a sentence.
  • Nouns: Name people, places, things, or ideas (e.g., president, country)
  • Pronouns: Replace nouns or pronouns (e.g., he, she, it).
  • Verbs: Express actions, conditions, or states of being (e.g., held, is).
  • Adjectives: Modify nouns or pronouns (e.g., irate, cold).
  • Adverbs: Modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs (e.g., immediately).
  • Prepositions: Show relationships between words (e.g., toward, in).
  • Conjunctions: Connect words or groups of words (e.g., so, and).
  • Interjections: Express feelings or emotions (e.g., good grief!).

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