English Grammar and Clauses
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the 'dummy do' in yes-no questions?

  • To make the sentence more formal
  • To add emphasis to the question
  • To fill the gap when there is no auxiliary verb (correct)
  • To form a wh-question

    • What is the main characteristic of declarative clauses?

  • They begin with a question word
  • They express an emotion
  • They have a subject and a VP (correct)
  • They have an inversion of the normal ordering

    • What type of clause does the sentence 'How many chocolate bars have you eaten?' belong to?

  • Interrogative clause (correct)
  • Declarative clause
  • Imperative clause
  • Exclamatory clause

    • What type of sentence does the sentence 'If I were fat, I'd be happy' belong to?

    <p>Hypothetical sentence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of inversion in interrogative clauses?

    <p>To reverse the order of the subject and the auxiliary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using 'were' instead of 'was' in the sentence 'If I were fat, I'd be happy'?

    <p>To indicate a hypothetical situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of wh-words in interrogative clauses?

    <p>To indicate the beginning of an interrogative sentence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for sentences that express strong emotions, such as 'What a fat man!'?

    <p>Exclamatory sentence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the sentence 'Penny is my dog', what type of process is involved?

    <p>Relational process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the sentence 'She gave her friend a piece of cake', what is the role of 'her friend'?

    <p>Recipient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the sentence 'It is cold outside', what type of process is involved?

    <p>Existential process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of process is involved in the sentence 'Mr.Jones smiled broadly'?

    <p>Behavioural process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of process is involved in the sentence 'He told her “Hello”'?

    <p>Verbal process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the sentence 'Jane heard a loud noise', what is the role of 'Jane'?

    <p>Senser</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of process is involved in the sentence 'Ann is nice'?

    <p>Relational process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a prototypical active sentence, what is the role of the direct object?

    <p>Patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sentence structure is used to emphasize the doer of the action?

    <p>Cleft sentences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct form of the verb 'to be' in hypothetical situations?

    <p>Were</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sentence structure involves shifting the ending elements to the initial position?

    <p>Left dislocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using inversion in sentence structures?

    <p>To emphasize the verb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sentence structure introduces a clause with 'what' or 'all'?

    <p>Pseudo-cleft sentences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct form of the sentence 'If I am you, I would be careful'?

    <p>If I were you, I would be careful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sentence structure is used to create a sense of drama or surprise?

    <p>Inversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between 'It was Mike who scored the goal' and 'Mike scored the goal'?

    <p>The first sentence emphasizes the doer of the action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Process Types

    • Material process: doing, creating (e.g., actor, goal, recipient)
    • Mental process: sensing, feeling, thinking, perceiving (e.g., senser, phenomenon)
    • Relational process: being, having (e.g., carrier, attribute, identifier, identified)
    • Verbal process: saying, expressing, indicating (e.g., sayer, target, verbiage)
    • Behavioural process: behaving (e.g., behaver)
    • Existential process: existing, happening (e.g., existent)

    Participant Roles

    • Actor: carries out an action
    • Goal: affected by the action
    • Recipient: goal of the action and profits from it
    • Senser: senses, feels, thinks, or perceives
    • Phenomenon: what is sensed, felt, thought, or perceived
    • Carrier: possesses or has an attribute
    • Attribute: quality or characteristic of the carrier
    • Identifier: identifies or characterizes
    • Identified: what is identified or characterized
    • Sayer: says, expresses, or indicates
    • Target: what is said, expressed, or indicated
    • Verbiage: what is said
    • Behaver: behaves
    • Existent: exists or happens

    Exercise

    • Penny is my dog: relational process (being), carrier (Penny), attribute (my dog)
    • She gave her friend a piece of cake: material process (giving), actor (she), goal (her friend), recipient (her friend)
    • Mr. Jones smiled broadly: behavioural process (smiling), behaver (Mr. Jones)
    • It is cold outside: existential process (being), existent (it)
    • He told her “Hello”: verbal process (telling), sayer (he), target (her), verbiage (“Hello”)
    • Jane heard a loud noise: mental process (hearing), senser (Jane), phenomenon (a loud noise)
    • Ann is nice: relational process (being), carrier (Ann), attribute (nice)

    Semantic Roles

    • Agent: carries out an action
    • Patient: affected by the action
    • Recipient: goal of the action and profits from it
    • Adverbials: define time, place, source, goal, or instrument

    Non-Prototypical Sentence Structures

    • Cleft sentences: It + to be + that/who…
    • Pseudo-cleft sentences: clause introduced by what or all
    • Left dislocation: shifting ending elements to the initial position
    • Inversion: placing the verb before the NP subject

    Declarative and Interrogative Clauses

    • Declarative clauses: have a subject and a VP
    • Interrogative clauses: have a subject-verb inversion and begin with a question word (wh-word)

    Interrogative Clause Types

    • Wh-questions: begin with a wh-word and have subject-verb inversion
    • Yes-no questions: have subject-verb inversion or use auxiliaries

    Dummy Auxiliary “Do”

    • Used in questions to fill the gap when there is no auxiliary in the declarative sentence
    • Examples: Does Great Uncle Silas drink several screwdrivers a day?

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of English grammar and clauses with these questions. Identify the characteristics of declarative clauses, purposes of 'dummy do' in yes-no questions, and more.

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