English for Academic Purposes - 2nd Quarterly Assessment

Manifestos often use a narrative or story format, or short, impactful statements to convey demands.

To foster unity and collective action among readers.

A call to action in a manifesto encourages readers to take action; it urges them to enact change or participate in an effort.

Presenting well-reasoned arguments supported by evidence is the most crucial element.

Peer-reviewed research studies or journals are the most trustworthy sources of evidence in scientific debates.

Acknowledge opposing views and refute them with evidence.

Evidence from reputable, verifiable sources.

Evidence that correctly credits its source according to established scholarly format.

Evidence that supports a claim using verifiable data or studies from reliable sources.

To give credit to original authors and support claims with verifiable evidence.

Evidence that clearly supports the claim. It involves external data which can be verified, not personal opinions.

An argument based solely on personal opinions rather than evidence from trustworthy sources.

Using coherent and logical steps in an argument to make it convincing and based on evidence.

Testing a survey to identify issues like unclear wording or bias before using it with respondents.

A survey question that is confusing, biased, or may influence responses, leading to unreliable data.

Making a survey question clearer and more specific, making it easier for respondents to understand and answer.

Questions that suggest a desired answer, influencing the respondent's opinion.

Leading questions bias survey results, making them unreliable and invalid.

The extent to which a survey consistently and accurately measures what it intends to measure.

A trial run of a survey with a small group to identify and fix problems before wider distribution.

To modify a question to make it clearer, more neutral, and less likely to bias responses.

Questions that allow respondents to provide detailed, free-form answers in their own words.

Responses in a pilot test that vary significantly, indicating potential problems with the survey questions.

Quantitative information that can be analyzed numerically, often collected using multiple-choice questions.

Questions that limit responses to specific options, often yes/no or multiple choice.

To present a well-reasoned argument advocating for a specific stance on a particular issue.

A clear, unbiased stance backed by credible evidence and addressing opposing viewpoints.

A weakness in position papers as it undermines the argument's validity and credibility.

A crucial element in a strong position paper, acknowledges opposing stances and refutes them with logical reasoning and evidence.

Using data, statistics, research findings, and expert opinions to support the argument.

A clear and concise statement that encapsulates the central argument and the stance in a position paper.

An argument that opposes or challenges the main argument in a position paper.

A position paper that remains objective and credible relies on evidence from multiple reliable sources and considers opposing viewpoints fairly.

A type of writing that presents a clear and persuasive argument on a debatable issue, supported by evidence and logic.

An argument that uses facts, statistics, and evidence from credible sources to logically support its claims.

To gather data and insights from a specific group of people about a particular topic.

A method of research where variables are manipulated to observe their effects on outcomes.

A questionnaire is a common tool used in surveys to gather data from respondents.

To observe and record behaviors or events in a natural setting without direct interaction.

Recording behaviors, actions, or events in their natural setting without interference.

Before conducting a survey, you must carefully identify the target respondents and finalize all questions.

A factor that can be changed or controlled in an experiment to see its effect on the outcome.

A Likert scale measures the respondent's level of agreement or disagreement with a statement.

Random sampling helps ensure a diverse and unbiased representation of the population in surveys or experiments.

Observations often rely on the natural environment, which may not always be accessible or controllable.

Piloting a survey before distribution helps ensure the questions are clear, valid, and effective for data collection.