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Questions and Answers
Which of the following sentences expresses refusal to do something?
Which of the following sentences expresses refusal to do something?
The word 'could' can only be used for past situations.
The word 'could' can only be used for past situations.
False
What do you express using 'so that' or 'in order'?
What do you express using 'so that' or 'in order'?
Results and intentions of an action.
If I had a lot of money, I ______ retire early.
If I had a lot of money, I ______ retire early.
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Match the expressions with their correct usages:
Match the expressions with their correct usages:
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Which conditional is used to talk about actions that were likely to happen in the future?
Which conditional is used to talk about actions that were likely to happen in the future?
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The phrase 'would' can be used to express past habits.
The phrase 'would' can be used to express past habits.
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What is one example of a state verb that should not be used with 'would' in describing past events?
What is one example of a state verb that should not be used with 'would' in describing past events?
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If it rains tomorrow, I __________ stay at home.
If it rains tomorrow, I __________ stay at home.
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Match the following types of conditional sentences with their descriptions:
Match the following types of conditional sentences with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
English 2 Notes W4-W6
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This set of notes covers modal verbs and their usage in various contexts.
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Modal verbs accompany the base form of another verb, conveying information about function.
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Common modal verbs include can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, ought to, must, need.
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Modal verbs lack infinitive markers.
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Forming questions with modals: "Can you play the guitar?"
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Forming negatives with modals: "You mustn't forget your homework."
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Contractions of modal verbs are common: can't, couldn't, shan't, shouldn't, won't, wouldn't, mustn't, needn't.
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Usage of shall/shan't is limited to I and we.
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Shall we go and see a film? is similar to Let's go and see a film.
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Modal verb might is used for possibility: "It might rain."
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Can is used for ability: "He can swim."
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Could is used for past ability: "I could swim when I was six."
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May is used for permission or possibility: "May I talk to you a second?"
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Should is used for advice or obligation: "You should put cream on your skin."
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Will is used for future actions: "I will go."
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Would is used for past habits or hypothetical situations: "I would go hiking all the time."
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Must is used for obligation or necessity: "You must stop doing that."
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Needn't is used for lack of obligation: "We needn't go immediately."
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Modal verbs convey various functionalities like possibility, ability, permission, obligation, and necessity in different situations.
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Modal verbs often appear in questions or to express probability.
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Use different forms of modality (can/could, will/would) to convey differences in tense.
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Modality expresses comments by the speaker regarding necessity, possibility, and advisability.
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Some modal verbs have different meanings in different tenses.
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Modals often express probability and likelihood in the past or future.
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Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that can help indicate tense in sentences.
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Modal verb usage reflects communicative functions.
Mood and Modal Verbs
- Modality concerns non-factual elements like necessity and possibility expressed through modality.
- Modality involves speaker comments on actions' possibility or necessity.
- Modality is grammatically expressed through verb inflections.
- Examples of modal verb usage in different grammatical contexts.
Modal Verbs: Could vs. Would
- Both could and would can be used in the past tense.
- Could generally expresses ability or possibility in the past.
- Would frequently describes past habits or situations.
Tag Questions
- Tag questions are used to confirm statements, with a short tag.
- Examples: "You speak English, don't you?"
- Tag questions often appear at the end of a statement.
Writing an SOP
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SOPs are important for university/company applications.
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SOPs provide insight into a candidate.
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Structure an SOP to include specific events, stories and clear goals.
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Avoid jargon, clichés, vagueness and ambiguity.
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Use simple word choices and simple sentence structures.
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Keep SOPs brief, error-free and to the point.
Presenting Numbers
- Presenting numbers clearly is vital in communication, to avoid misunderstandings.
- Words like many, much, several, etc. work alongside numbers to describe quantities.
- Numbers should be presented according to the context in which they are used.
Précis Writing
- A précis condenses information, usually to a third of the original length.
- It should contain the essential points of a passage, avoiding unnecessary details.
- Tips: Remove redundant words, use single words to replace phrases, reword sentences and adopt indirect speech.
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Description
Explore the usage of modal verbs through this set of notes. Learn how they function to provide meaning in different contexts, including ability, permission, and obligation. The notes cover essential examples and forms, such as forming questions and negatives.
