Engineering Thermodynamics Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the common questions engineers consider regarding chemical reactions?

  • How can they simplify the reaction process?
  • What is the cost of raw materials?
  • What are alternative chemical reactions?
  • How much energy is required for the reaction? (correct)
  • Which sector utilizes the highest percentage of electricity according to the distribution provided?

  • Industry (correct)
  • Transport
  • Public administration
  • Domestic
  • What is a significant annual emission output from a steam power station with a 4 Gigawatt power output?

  • 22.8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (correct)
  • 10 million tonnes of carbon dioxide
  • 50 million tonnes of carbon dioxide
  • 5 million tonnes of carbon dioxide
  • What is a key feature of industrial gas turbines for power generation?

    <p>They can provide power output from 3MW to 500MW.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is involved in the steam-carbon reaction?

    <p>C + H2O → CO + H2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy consumption of a kettle that takes 1.5 minutes to boil 0.5 liters of water?

    <p>198,000 J</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much energy is supplied to heat 0.5 kg of water from 8°C to 100°C?

    <p>193,200 J</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conversion of 1 kWh in joules?

    <p>3,600,000 J</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical domestic electricity consumption per day in Hawaii?

    <p>17 kWh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can cars be powered by gas turbines?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the first law of thermodynamics for closed systems primarily address?

    <p>The calculation of boundary work and heat transfer interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding thermodynamic systems?

    <p>Isolated systems do not exchange energy or matter with their surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two fundamental statements of the second law of thermodynamics?

    <p>Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using thermodynamic tables?

    <p>To determine the state of pure substances in thermodynamic processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During what type of process is entropy conserved?

    <p>Isentropic processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes an ideal gas under the assumptions of thermodynamics?

    <p>It assumes negligible intermolecular forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main activities of an engineer/scientist regarding existing products/processes?

    <p>To improve the existing product/process sustainably</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the course aim to introduce in relation to heat engines?

    <p>The principles and cycles including the Carnot cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Course Description

    • The course introduces engineering thermodynamics
    • Topics include units, thermodynamic systems, properties, and surroundings (closed, open, and isolated systems)
    • Covers the first law of thermodynamics for closed systems, including calculations of boundary work and heat transfer
    • Includes pure substance properties and state postulate
    • Introduces thermodynamic tables and ideal gases
    • Explores the second law of thermodynamics, absolute temperature scale, heat engines, refrigeration cycles, and Carnot cycles
    • Covers Kelvin-Planck and Claussius statements, allowable, reversible, and impossible thermodynamic processes and cycles
    • Explains entropy as a thermodynamic property, entropy change calculation for closed and open systems along with isentropic processes and device efficiencies

    Approach

    • Lectures are a key component
    • Problem sheets and tutorials (numerical sessions) are provided
    • Problem sessions in open office format
    • Supplementary notes are available

    Blackboard Resources

    • Lecture presentations are available online
    • Numerical tutorials are accessible through Blackboard

    Note-Taking Strategies

    • Review lecture slides on Blackboard before class
    • Take short notes during lectures, focusing on key concepts and examples
    • Carefully review examples presented in class
    • Review your notes at breakfast the next day
    • Moran's Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics (code/ebook/etext) is recommended

    Feedback

    • Feedback is provided after quizzes and numerical sessions
    • Further feedback is offered during class discussions
    • Post-project feedback is given
    • A general exam feedback summary is available

    Main Activities of an Engineer/Scientist

    • Design and develop products and processes
    • Improve existing products and processes
    • Consider environmental impact and emissions
    • Optimize use of available resources (energy, space, and time)
    • Hydrogen production methods – electrolysis and reaction pathways (steam-carbon, CH4 – steam) are included

    Engineering Questions

    • Engineers frequently consider the feasibility of chemical/physical processes
    • Energy requirements for these processes
    • Extent of chemical/physical changes
    • Environmental effects
    • Improving system performance

    Introduction – World Energy Production

    • The report presents pie charts showing world energy production sources from the years 1973 and 2012

    Electrical Energy Sources

    • Charts illustrate the composition of electrical energy sources by type for 2014 and 2015

    Electricity Use by Sector

    • Data is presented on the electricity consumption sectors, including estimates in gigawatt hours (GWH)

    Steam Power Station

    • A steam power station with 4 gigawatts power output uses 36,000 tonnes of coal daily
    • It consumes 160 million litres of water daily and runs twelve cooling towers
    • The station releases 22.8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide gas yearly.

    Gas Turbines

    • Gas turbines are used for aviation and power generation.
    • Different gas turbines are highlighted (e.g., Typhoon 4,922kW, 6,600bhp), and their specifications are given
    • Industrial gas turbines vary in power output from 3 MW to 500 MW
    • Gas turbines have a quicker build time and respond faster to varying demand compared to coal-fired power stations

    Emissions and Personal Energy Consumption

    • Daily actions raise electrical demand and subsequently emissions from power plants
    • Kettle power consumption is given (2.2 kW) and time to boil water to reach 100°C from 8°C is noted (1.5 minutes, 0.5 liters of water in kettle).
    • Personal energy use when items need energy (heating, lights etc.) is addressed
    • The energy consumption for boiling .5 liters of water with a 2.2kW kettle (approximately 1.5 minutes from 8°C to 100°C). and energy consumption values.

    US Annual Domestic Electricity Consumption

    • Data shows that the electricity consumption per year differs in states such as Tennessee (42 kWh) and Hawaii (17 kWh)

    Questions Pertaining to Gas Turbines

    • The applicability of gas turbines in cars and trains, including the percentages (33% for each response) given for 'yes', 'no', or '50-50'.

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    Description

    This quiz covers foundational concepts in engineering thermodynamics, focusing on topics such as thermodynamic systems, the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and calculations related to heat transfer and entropy. Students will encounter questions related to pure substance properties, thermodynamic processes, and practical applications like heat engines and refrigeration cycles.

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