Engineering Thermodynamics Overview

Course Description

• The course introduces engineering thermodynamics
• Topics include units, thermodynamic systems, properties, and surroundings (closed, open, and isolated systems)
• Covers the first law of thermodynamics for closed systems, including calculations of boundary work and heat transfer
• Includes pure substance properties and state postulate
• Introduces thermodynamic tables and ideal gases
• Explores the second law of thermodynamics, absolute temperature scale, heat engines, refrigeration cycles, and Carnot cycles
• Covers Kelvin-Planck and Claussius statements, allowable, reversible, and impossible thermodynamic processes and cycles
• Explains entropy as a thermodynamic property, entropy change calculation for closed and open systems along with isentropic processes and device efficiencies

Approach

• Lectures are a key component
• Problem sheets and tutorials (numerical sessions) are provided
• Problem sessions in open office format
• Supplementary notes are available

Blackboard Resources

• Lecture presentations are available online
• Numerical tutorials are accessible through Blackboard

Note-Taking Strategies

• Review lecture slides on Blackboard before class
• Take short notes during lectures, focusing on key concepts and examples
• Carefully review examples presented in class
• Review your notes at breakfast the next day

Recommended Textbooks

• Moran's Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics (code/ebook/etext) is recommended

Feedback

• Feedback is provided after quizzes and numerical sessions
• Further feedback is offered during class discussions
• Post-project feedback is given
• A general exam feedback summary is available

Main Activities of an Engineer/Scientist

• Design and develop products and processes
• Improve existing products and processes
• Consider environmental impact and emissions
• Optimize use of available resources (energy, space, and time)
• Hydrogen production methods – electrolysis and reaction pathways (steam-carbon, CH4 – steam) are included

Engineering Questions

• Engineers frequently consider the feasibility of chemical/physical processes
• Energy requirements for these processes
• Extent of chemical/physical changes
• Environmental effects
• Improving system performance

Introduction – World Energy Production

• The report presents pie charts showing world energy production sources from the years 1973 and 2012

Electrical Energy Sources

• Charts illustrate the composition of electrical energy sources by type for 2014 and 2015

Electricity Use by Sector

• Data is presented on the electricity consumption sectors, including estimates in gigawatt hours (GWH)

Steam Power Station

• A steam power station with 4 gigawatts power output uses 36,000 tonnes of coal daily
• It consumes 160 million litres of water daily and runs twelve cooling towers
• The station releases 22.8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide gas yearly.

Gas Turbines

• Gas turbines are used for aviation and power generation.
• Different gas turbines are highlighted (e.g., Typhoon 4,922kW, 6,600bhp), and their specifications are given
• Industrial gas turbines vary in power output from 3 MW to 500 MW
• Gas turbines have a quicker build time and respond faster to varying demand compared to coal-fired power stations

Emissions and Personal Energy Consumption

• Daily actions raise electrical demand and subsequently emissions from power plants
• Kettle power consumption is given (2.2 kW) and time to boil water to reach 100°C from 8°C is noted (1.5 minutes, 0.5 liters of water in kettle).
• Personal energy use when items need energy (heating, lights etc.) is addressed
• The energy consumption for boiling .5 liters of water with a 2.2kW kettle (approximately 1.5 minutes from 8°C to 100°C). and energy consumption values.

US Annual Domestic Electricity Consumption

• Data shows that the electricity consumption per year differs in states such as Tennessee (42 kWh) and Hawaii (17 kWh)

Questions Pertaining to Gas Turbines

• The applicability of gas turbines in cars and trains, including the percentages (33% for each response) given for 'yes', 'no', or '50-50'.

This quiz covers foundational concepts in engineering thermodynamics, focusing on topics such as thermodynamic systems, the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and calculations related to heat transfer and entropy. Students will encounter questions related to pure substance properties, thermodynamic processes, and practical applications like heat engines and refrigeration cycles.