Quiz 2 compiled for BBL

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Questions and Answers

What is the principle behind the operation of strain gauges/load cells?

Change in electrical voltage

Change in electrical resistance (correct)

Change in electrical current

Change in electrical power

What is the main application of load cells?

Measuring force and weight (correct)

Measuring flow rate

Measuring pressure

Measuring temperature

What is the primary function of an LVDT?

Measure linear displacement (correct)

Measure pressure

Measure temperature

Measure vibration

What does an accelerometer measure?

The vibration of motion of a structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind the operation of an accelerometer?

Newton's Second Law of Motion Signup and view all the answers

How does a Capacitive MEMS Accelerometer detect acceleration?

By exploiting the movement of a seismic mass, resulting in a capacitance change Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind the Piezoelectric effect?

Generating electric charge from mechanical stress Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a Water Flow Sensor?

To measure the rate of flow of liquids Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism used in a Water Flow Sensor to measure fluid flow?

Mechanical and electrical subsystems Signup and view all the answers

What is the output of a Rain Sensor?

Both analog and digital Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind the operation of a Rain Sensor?

Variable resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for a Barometric Pressure Sensor?

Pressure transducer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a Manometer?

To measure the pressure of a fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a Manometer in environmental studies?

It measures atmospheric pressure and other environmental gases Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind the operation of RTDs?

Change in electrical resistance with temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of RTDs in industrial settings?

Monitoring and controlling temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of thermistors that makes them suitable for lower temperatures?

High sensitivity and nonlinearity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of thermocouples?

Wide temperature range and simplicity Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of RTDs that makes them suitable for higher temperatures?

Low sensitivity and linearity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of temperature sensor is the most commonly used?

Thermocouple Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the reference junction in a thermocouple?

To maintain a constant temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind the operation of TEG?

Seebeck effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the output voltage of the LM35 temperature sensor?

Proportional to temperature in Celsius Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a TEC?

To cool or heat electronic devices Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a bimetallic thermostat?

It expands at different rates when heated Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a photovoltaic cell?

To convert light energy into electrical energy Signup and view all the answers

What type of device is used to amplify the photoelectric current generated from converting light energy?

Phototransistor Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a photodiode that enables it to produce both voltage and current?

Light-sensitive exposed junction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of a Hall Effect sensor?

Proximity switching and positioning Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the light beam produced by a laser diode?

Concentrated and coherent Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a proximity sensor?

To detect the presence of an object Signup and view all the answers

What determines the color of the laser light?

Type of semiconductor material used Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proximity sensor is useful for detecting metallic objects?

Inductive Proximity Sensor Signup and view all the answers

What type of radiation is used by some proximity sensors to detect objects?

Infrared radiation (IR) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a PIR sensor in security systems?

To detect motion and trigger alarms Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of capacitive proximity sensors?

Ability to detect both metallic and non-metallic objects Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of RF diodes?

To efficiently control and manipulate RF signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the main application of electromechanical gas sensors?

To detect the presence of gases in the atmosphere Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind the Electrode type salinity sensor?

Measuring changes in conductivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Turbidity Sensor?

To determine the particle concentration and purity of a solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of LDRs?

To detect or sense light intensity Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind the operation of Infrared Spectroscopy breathalyzers?

Measuring the absorption of infrared radiation by alcohol molecules Signup and view all the answers

How does an optical Heartbeat Sensor measure heart rate?

By detecting changes in blood volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind the operation of Fuel Cell Breathalyzers?

Oxidation-reduction reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of calibration for relative magnetometers?

By reference to a known, accurately measured magnetic field Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a transducer in an ultrasonic sensor?

To receive and send the ultrasonic sound wave Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an E-Nose device?

To detect the smell of complex volatiles Signup and view all the answers

How does a color sensor determine the color of an object?

By processing electrical signals converted from light reflected from the object Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a magnetometer?

To measure the direction, strength, or relative change of a magnetic field Signup and view all the answers

How does an ultrasonic sensor determine the distance to a target?

By measuring the time lapses between the sending and receiving of the ultrasonic pulse Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Strain Gauges/Load Cells

Principle of operation: Change in electrical resistance
Main application: Measuring force and weight

LVDT

Primary function: Measuring linear displacement

Accelerometers

Measure: Vibration of motion of a structure
Principle of operation: Newton's Second Law of Motion
Capacitive MEMS Accelerometer detects acceleration by exploiting the movement of a seismic mass, resulting in a capacitance change

Piezoelectric Effect

Principle: Generating electric charge from mechanical stress

Water Flow Sensors

Primary function: Measuring the rate of flow of liquids
Mechanism: Mechanical and electrical subsystems

Rain Sensors

Output: Both analog and digital
Principle of operation: Optical sensing

Barometric Pressure Sensors

Also known as: Pressure transducer, Manometer
Primary function: Monitoring atmospheric pressure

Manometers

Primary function: Measuring the pressure of a fluid
Significance in environmental studies: Measuring atmospheric pressure and other environmental gases

RTDs

Principle of operation: Change in electrical resistance with temperature
Primary application in industrial settings: Monitoring and controlling temperature

Thermistors

Characteristic: High sensitivity and nonlinearity
Suitable for: Lower temperatures

Thermocouples

Primary advantage: Wide temperature range and simplicity
Characteristic: High sensitivity and linearity
Suitable for: Higher temperatures

Temperature Sensors

Most commonly used: Thermocouple
Purpose of reference junction: To maintain a constant temperature

TEG

Principle of operation: Seebeck effect

LM35 Temperature Sensor

Output voltage: Proportional to temperature in Celsius

TEC

Purpose: To cool or heat electronic devices

Bimetallic Thermostat

Characteristic: Expands at different rates when heated

Photovoltaic Cells and Sensors

Primary function of a photovoltaic cell: to convert light energy into electrical energy
Device used to amplify the photoelectric current: phototransistor or photodiode
Characteristic of a photodiode that enables it to produce both voltage and current: P-N junction or light-sensitive exposed junction

Proximity Sensors

Primary function of a proximity sensor: to detect the presence of an object
Types of proximity sensors:
- Inductive proximity sensor: useful for detecting metallic objects
- Optical proximity sensor
- Capacitive proximity sensor: can detect both metallic and non-metallic objects
- Magnetic proximity sensor
- PIR sensor: detects motion and triggers alarms in security systems

Radiation and Sensors

Radiation used by some proximity sensors to detect objects: infrared radiation (IR)
Primary function of a Hall Effect sensor: proximity switching and positioning
Primary function of a laser diode: produces a concentrated and coherent light beam

Gas Sensors

Primary function of RF diodes: efficiently control and manipulate RF signals
Primary function of electromechanical gas sensors: detect the presence of gases in the atmosphere
Principle behind the operation of Electrode type salinity sensor: measures changes in conductivity

Turbidity and Salinity Sensors

Primary function of a Turbidity Sensor: determines the particle concentration and purity of a solution
Primary function of LDRs: detects or senses light intensity
Principle behind the operation of Infrared Spectroscopy breathalyzers: measures the absorption of infrared radiation by alcohol molecules

Heartbeat and Fuel Cell Sensors

Primary function of an optical Heartbeat Sensor: measures heart rate by detecting changes in blood volume
Principle behind the operation of Fuel Cell Breathalyzers: electrochemical reactions

Magnetometers and Transducers

Primary function of a magnetometer: measures the direction, strength, or relative change of a magnetic field
Primary function of a transducer in an ultrasonic sensor: converts electrical signals to ultrasonic sound waves
Primary function of an E-Nose device: detects the smell of complex volatiles

Color Sensors

Primary function of a color sensor: determines the color of an object by processing electrical signals converted from light reflected from the object
Primary function of a magnetometer: measures the direction, strength, or relative change of a magnetic field

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Description

This quiz covers the principles and applications of strain gauges, load cells, and LVDTs in engineering measurements. Test your knowledge of sensors and their uses in various fields.