Engineering Materials Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the term 'non-ferrous metals'?

Metals that are not suitable for engineering purposes.

Metals that have a metal other than iron as their main constituent. (correct)

Metals that contain iron as their main constituent.

Metals that have a high melting point.

What is considered the MOST important factor when selecting a material for engineering purposes, according to the text?

The melting point of the material.

The material's color and appearance.

The availability of the material in large quantities.

The material which serves the desired objective at the minimum cost. (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a physical property of metals mentioned in the text?

Tensile strength (correct)

Density

Luster

Thermal conductivity

What material characteristic is crucial for a lightbulb filament?

Ability to withstand high temperature without deformation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a ferrous metal?

Iron (C) Signup and view all the answers

What term is derived from the Latin word 'ferrum'?

Ferrous (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of cast iron makes it unsuitable for parts subjected to shocks?

Brittle nature (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors should a designer consider when selecting a material for a project?

The price, the working conditions, and the availability. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of tensile strength for cast iron?

100 to 200 MPa (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as an example of a non-ferrous metal?

Iron (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the grey color in grey cast iron?

Presence of free graphite (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage range of carbon content in grey cast iron?

3 to 3.5% (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which material is used to separate iron from oxygen in its ore during the smelting process?

Carbon monoxide (B) Signup and view all the answers

Besides its low cost, what is another advantage of cast iron regarding its machinability?

Excellent machinability (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role does limestone play in the smelting process of iron?

Keeps impurities in a liquid state (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of grey cast iron?

Low tensile strength (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to IS: 1570 (Part-I)-1978 (Reaffirmed 1993), what does the designation 'Fe 290' indicate?

A steel with a minimum tensile strength of 290 N/mm² (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Fe E' signify in the context of steel designations according to IS: 1570 (Part-I)-1978 (Reaffirmed 1993)?

The steel is specified based on its minimum yield strength. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum yield stress for the steel designated as 'Fe E 220', according to IS: 1570 (Part-I)-1978 (Reaffirmed 1993)?

220 N/mm² (A) Signup and view all the answers

For steels designated under IS: 1570, which property is indicated by the numerical value following 'Fe' or 'Fe E'?

Minimum tensile strength or yield stress (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum tensile strength for the steel designated as 'Fe 290' as defined by IS: 1570 (Part-I)-1978 (Reaffirmed 1993)?

290 N/mm² (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum percentage elongation of steel designated 'Fe 290'?

27 (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to IS: 1570, both ‘Fe 290’ and ‘Fe E 220’ steels have the same value for which property?

Minimum percentage elongation (B) Signup and view all the answers

In which year was the IS: 1570 (Part-I)-1978 standard reaffirmed?

1993 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which steel designation has the highest maximum carbon percentage?

40C10S18 (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following steel designations is best suited for small parts that undergo cyaniding or carbonitriding?

10C8S10 (A) Signup and view all the answers

For parts requiring good machinability and finish, which steel designation should be chosen?

14C14S14 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum allowed phosphorus percentage for all steel designations listed?

0.06% (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which steel designation has the highest minimum manganese percentage requirement?

14C14S14 (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which steel designation is suitable for moderately stressed parts requiring more strength than mild steel?

25C12S14 (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which steel designation is specifically used for engine shafts and connecting rods?

40C10S18 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum silicon percentage allowed for steel designation 40C10S18?

0.25% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage range of silicon found in silicon steels used for electrical machinery?

1 to 2% (A) Signup and view all the answers

Besides applications in electrical machinery, silicon steels are also used in which of the following?

Valves in I.C. engines, springs, and corrosion-resistant materials (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key effect of cobalt on steel regarding its performance at high temperatures?

It imparts red hardness by retaining hard carbides (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary purpose of adding molybdenum to steel?

To enhance tensile strength for structural components (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the Indian standard IS:1762, what does the figure preceding chemical symbols in alloy steel designation represent?

100 times the average carbon percentage (B) Signup and view all the answers

If an alloy steel is designated as 40 Cr 4 Mo 2, what is the approximate percentage of molybdenum?

0.25% (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the designation of alloy steels as per Indian standards, what multiplying factor is applied to manganese when determining its content?

4 (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the alloy steel designation, when should the symbol 'Mn' be included according to Indian standards?

When manganese content is equal to or greater than 1% (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following steel designations is used in helical automobile front suspension springs?

35Mn2Mo28 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which steel designation has the highest range of Molybdenum (Mo) content described in the table?

15Cr3Mo55 (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided information, what is the maximum percentage of Chromium (Cr) found in '15Cr3Mo55' steel?

3.40 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is least likely to be made from 35Mn2Mo28, according to the provided content?

Propeller shaft joints (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which steel designation has the lowest amount of Carbon (C)?

15Cr3Mo55 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum percentage of Manganese (Mn) present in '35Mn2Mo45' steel?

1.30 (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the table, which steel grade is used for components requiring medium to high tensile strength?

25Cr3Mo55 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which designator indicates the presence of both Chromium (Cr) and Molybdenum (Mo)?

40Cr1Mo28 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Engineering Materials and their Properties

Engineering materials are crucial for design engineers, who must select suitable materials for machine components based on operational conditions, manufacturing processes, and heat treatment effects.
Engineering materials are primarily classified as metals and their alloys (e.g., iron, steel, copper, aluminum), and non-metals (e.g., glass, rubber, plastics).
Metals can be further categorized as ferrous (iron-based) and non-ferrous (other metals).
Material selection factors include availability, suitability for service conditions, and cost.
Important material properties include physical, chemical, and mechanical properties.
Physical properties of metals cover luster, color, size, shape, density, thermal and electrical conductivity, and melting point. Relevant data for specific metals are tabulated.

Physical Properties of Metals

Metals exhibit physical properties like luster, color, density, conductivity, and melting point.
These properties influence material selection for specific applications.
Density (kg/m³), melting point (°C), thermal conductivity (W/m°C), and coefficient of linear expansion are tabulated examples of key properties for various metals.

Mechanical Properties of Metals

Mechanical properties relate to a material's resistance to mechanical forces.
Key mechanical properties include strength (resisting breaking or yielding), stiffness (resisting deformation), elasticity (regaining original shape), plasticity (retaining deformation), ductility (drawning into wire), brittleness (the opposite of ductility), malleability (ability to be rolled into sheets), toughness (resisting fracture under impact), machinability (how easily a material can be cut), resilience (resisting shock), and creep (permanent deformation under constant stress at high temperatures).

Ferrous Metals

Ferrous metals are primarily composed of iron.
Cast iron, wrought iron, and steel are common ferrous materials.
Pig iron, obtained from smelting iron ore, is the raw material for ferrous alloys.

Types of Cast Iron

Cast iron is an alloy of iron and carbon (1.7 - 4.5% carbon) with minor amounts of silicon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur.
Carbon exists as graphite (free carbon) or cementite (combined carbon).
Grey cast iron contains free graphite, making it machinable and having high compressive strength, but low tensile strength. Its fracture surface appears grey.
White cast iron contains only cementite, making it very hard and brittle. Its fracture surface appears white.
Chilled cast iron is a type of white cast iron with a hardened outer layer achieved by rapid cooling.
Mottled cast iron has mixed grey and white areas on fracture, resulting from uneven cooling.

Alloy Steels

Alloy steels contain additional alloying elements beyond carbon, which improve specific properties.
Different alloying additions create steels suited for different applications, like high wear resistance, corrosion resistance, or better high-temperature performance.
Common alloying elements include: nickel, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, and vanadium.

Free Cutting Steels

Free cutting steels contain added sulfur or lead to enhance machinability due to easy chip breaking, preventing clogging.
These steels are used for machining operations where smooth cutting is critical.

High-Speed Tool Steels

These steels retain their hardness at high temperatures, enabling them to be used for cutting tools used at high cutting speeds.
They contain tungsten, chromium, vanadium, and other alloying elements.

Spring Steels

Spring steels are designed to possess high elasticity and can withstand repeated loads and stresses, useful for springs.
Specific compositions are used to improve wear resistance, strength, or corrosion resistance in springs.

Stainless Steel

Stainless steels exhibit resistance to corrosion due to chromium content.
Various types of stainless steels exist (martensitic, ferritic, austenitic) each with varying chromium, nickel, and carbon contents and distinctive properties.

Heat-Resisting Steels

Heat-resisting steels are necessary for applications involving high temperatures; they retain strength and resist scaling under extreme temperatures (e.g., gas turbine blades).
Composition and properties are tailored for specific temperature ranges and applications.

Non-Ferrous Metals (Other Metals)

Non-ferrous metals are a diverse collection of metals other than iron, including aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, and their respective alloys.
They are frequently chosen for their light-weight, corrosion-resistance, and conductivity.

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Description

Test your knowledge on engineering materials with this quiz focused on metals and their properties. You'll be challenged with questions about non-ferrous and ferrous metals, key characteristics, and selection criteria for materials used in engineering applications. Perfect for students or professionals in the field of material science.