Engineering Materials Overview

The main categories are Metals (e.g., Pure Copper), Non-Metals (e.g., Alumina), Polymers (e.g., PET), and Composites (e.g., CFRP).

Ceramics exhibit ionic and/or covalent bonding, which results in them being strong but brittle.

Advantages include low weight and corrosion resistance, while disadvantages are their mechanical weakness and poor conductivity.

<p>Polyethylene pipes are lighter, corrosion-resistant, and have lower installation costs than galvanized steel pipes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An example is Concrete reinforced with steel bars, which improves tensile strength and durability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metals have metallic bonding that allows for ductility, contributing to their effectiveness as good electrical conductors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tensile properties determine a material's strength and ductility, influencing its suitability for applications where load-bearing and deformation are critical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>International standards ensure consistency, safety, and interoperability of materials across different countries, facilitating trade and innovation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asbestos pipes pose health risks due to asbestos exposure, which can lead to serious respiratory diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The way materials are processed significantly influences their microstructure, which in turn determines their physical and mechanical properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ultimate tensile strength measures the maximum amount of stress a material can withstand before failing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Young's modulus, or modulus of elasticity, quantifies a material's ability to deform elastically under stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ductile materials can undergo significant plastic deformation before failure, while brittle materials break with little to no deformation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hardness indicates a material's resistance to deformation and wear, which is crucial for applications involving abrasion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three types are Simple Cubic (SC), Body-Centered Cubic (BCC), and Face-Centered Cubic (FCC).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reflections must be in phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The planar spacing, $d$, can be computed using the formula $d = \frac{n\lambda}{2 \sin \theta_c}$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A series of peaks corresponding to different crystallographic planes is observed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides information about the crystal structure and orientation of the material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apply Bragg's law, $n\lambda = 2d \sin \theta$, to calculate the diffraction angle based on the crystallographic planes and wavelength.</p> Signup and view all the answers