Engineering Lecture 1: Introduction to Energy

Study Notes

Energy Overview

Energy is defined as the ability to perform work.
Exists in various forms:
- Kinetic energy (movement of objects, e.g., moving car)
- Potential energy (stored energy, e.g., a book on a shelf)
- Thermal energy (heat energy, e.g., sunlight, hot coffee)
- Chemical energy (stored in substances, e.g., food, fossil fuels)
- Electrical energy (flow of electrons, e.g., powering appliances)

Global Energy Consumption

Total energy demand recorded at 157,000 TWh in 2022, exhibiting a continuous increase.
Global per capita energy consumption averages 20 GWh, varying significantly by region.
Fossil fuels dominate the energy mix, accounting for 83% of total consumption, leading to climate change concerns.

Alternatives to Conventional Energy

Numerous renewable and cleaner non-renewable energy options available:
- Solar Energy: Converts sunlight to electricity via solar panels.
- Wind Energy: Uses wind turbines to generate electricity.
- Hydroelectric Power: Generates electricity through water flow.
- Tidal and Wave Energy: Harnesses energy from oceanic movements.
- Geothermal Energy: Utilizes Earth's internal heat for electricity and heating.
- Biomass/Biofuels: Converts organic matter into energy.
- Nuclear Energy: Low-emission energy from nuclear reactions.
- Hydrogen Fuel: A clean alternative for storage and transport if derived from renewables.
- Energy Storage Technologies: Essential for balancing renewable energy supply, includes batteries and pumped hydro storage.

Challenges in Global Energy Demand

Anticipated population growth to 10 billion by 2050, increasing energy needs.
Economic growth in developing nations striving for enhanced living standards boosts energy demand.
Pressures from climate change necessitate a shift from fossil fuels to sustainable practices.
Geopolitical factors, including conflicts, can disrupt energy supply chains.

Hurdles to Achieving Sustainability

Renewable Energy Integration: Ensuring stability and reliability while expanding renewable capacity.
Infrastructure Challenges: Upgrading grids and storage to support renewable energy.
Cost Competitiveness: Making clean technologies financially viable compared to fossil fuels.
Equitable Access: Providing clean energy access to all, particularly in developing regions.
Technological Progress: Development of efficient energy generation, storage, and transmission methods.
Regulatory Framework: Creating policies that promote renewable energy adoption and reduce fossil fuel reliance.
Community Engagement: Addressing public concerns and promoting awareness of renewable energy benefits.

Description

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of energy as discussed in the first lecture of the School of Engineering and Computing. Explore various forms of energy including kinetic, potential, and thermal energy, along with real-world examples.