P.T ANDJAMBA CAD EEE

Introduction to AutoCAD Electrical

• Feeding subsequent design steps through analysis (CAE) and manufacturing (CAM) by means of a computer system
• Major benefits of CAD:
  • Productivity increase through automation of repeated tasks and insertion of standard parts from database
  • Supports changeability, allowing for easy modification of designs without redoing entire drawing
  • Enhances communication with other teams, engineers, and applications
  • Provides accurate, high-quality drawings with realistic product rendering
• Limited analysis capabilities, including mass properties, collisions between parts, and clearances

Drawing Templates

• A drawing template is the foundation for drawing information, specifying sheet size, orientation, borders, title block, and data forms
• Choices in SolidWorks include standard template, tutorial template, custom template, or no template

Drawing Appearance

• Place dimensions away from profile lines and allow space between individual dimensions
• Omit unnecessary dimensions and display only required number of decimal places for manufacturing precision
• Use diameter dimensions for circles and radial dimensions for arcs
• Dimension features in the view where they can be seen true size and shape

Title Block

• Contains vital part and/or assembly information, including company name, part number, part name, drawing number, revision number, and sheet size
• Each company can have a unique version of a title block

Drawing Sheet

• Standard drawing sheet sizes are based on the principle of x: y = 1:2 and xy = 1, where x and y are the sides of the sheet
• The most common sizes are AO, A1, A2, A3, and A4
• Designation of sizes is given, and their sizes are provided in a table

Drawing Sheet Layout

• The layout of a drawing sheet includes the title block, drawing space, and other information
• The layout suggested for students is shown in a figure

Folding of Drawing Sheets

• Two methods of folding are specified by BIS: one for filing or binding and the other for storing in filing cabinets
• In both methods, the title block is always visible

Lines

• Engineering Graphics uses different types of lines to convey specific information, including:

  • Visible outlines and visible edges (Type 0.2)
  • Dimension lines (Type 0.1)
  • Extension lines (Type 0.1)
  • Construction lines (Type 0.1)
  • Hatching/section lines (Type 0.1)
  • Guide lines (Type 0.1)
  • Break lines (Type 0.1)### Engineering Drawing 1

• Module code: END101

• Pre-requisite: Entry requirements

• Options (compulsory/elective): Compulsory

• Lecturer: Mr Gabriel Isak

• Cell: 081 476 6663

Drafting Drawings

• Topic 2.Drafting Drawings
• Lesson: 2
• Aligning & Taping Paper:
  • Align paper on parallel edge (or T-square)
  • Fasten top two corners with strips of drafting tape
  • Lower parallel edge (or T-square) and fasten bottom two corners with strips of drafting tape
• Drawing Lines:
  • Use parallel edge (or T-square) to draw horizontal lines
  • Lean pencil at about 60°
• Drawing Lines at Standard Angles:
  • 90° VERTICAL
  • HORIZONTAL 0°
• Drawing Parallel Lines:
  • Move parallel edge (or T-square) and triangle to line up with given line AB
  • With parallel edge (or T-square) held firmly in place, slide triangle into position and draw required line
• Drawing Perpendicular Lines:
  • Move parallel edge (or T-square) and triangle until a side of the triangle lines up with the given line AB
  • With parallel edge (or T-square) held firmly in place, reposition triangle across line and draw required line

Basic Drafting Skills

• Demonstrate correct drawing procedures

Geometrical Construction and Convection Symbols

• Topic 4.Geometrical construction and convection symbols
• Lesson: 14
• Module title: Engineering Drawing 1
• Module code: END101
• Pre-requisite: Entry requirements
• Options (compulsory/elective): Compulsory
• Lecturer: Mr Gabriel Isak
• Cell: 081 476 6663

Isometric Drawing

• Objective:
  • To understand how to produce an isometric drawing
• Outcome:
  • To be able to use angles and views to communicate and represent design ideas
• Isometric drawing:
  • A way of showing a three-dimensional (3D) object in two-dimensional (2D) on an angle of 30° on the horizontal
• Process:
  1. Draw the vertical line in the middle
  2. Then draw the parallel lines at 30° angle of the vertical line
  3. Draw the vertical lines joining the parallel lines
  4. Draw the other parallel lines in the correct distance apart
  5. Add the remaining lines

Sectional Views

• Topic 4: SECTIONAL VIEWS
• Lesson: 13
• Module title: Engineering Drawing 1
• Module code: END101
• Pre-requisite: Entry requirements
• Options (compulsory/elective): Compulsory
• Lecturer: Mr Gabriel Isak
• Cell: 081 476 6663
• Sectional views:
  • Used to show interior detail too complicated to be shown clearly and dimensioned by outside views and hidden lines
  • Obtained by supposing the nearest part of the object has been cut or broken away on an imaginary cutting plane
• The Cutting-Plane Line:
  • Indicates where the imaginary cutting takes place
• Section Lining:
  • Identifies the surface that has been cut and makes it stand out clearly
  • Section lines usually consist of thin parallel lines
• Types of Sections:
  1. Full Sections:
     • When the cutting plane extends entirely through the object in a straight line
     • The front half of the object is theoretically removed
  2. Half Sections:
     • A symmetrical object or assembly may be drawn as a half section
     • Showing one half in section and the other half in full view

CAD

• Module title: Computer Aided Design (CAD)
• Module code: CAD201
• NQF Level: 5
• Notional hours: 130
• NQF credits: 13
• Pre-requisite: Engineering Drawing 1
• Options (compulsory/elective): Compulsory
• Semester offered: 1
• Lecturer: Mr Isak Gabriel
• Cell: 081 476 6663
• What is CAD?:
  • Computer Aided Design (CAD)
  • A set of methods and tools to assist product designers in:
    • Creating a geometrical representation of the artifacts they are designing
    • Dimensioning, Tolerancing, Configuration Management (Changes)
    • Archiving, Exchanging part and assembly information between teams, organizations### Dashed Lines
• Hidden edges/outlines of objects are shown by dashed lines of short dashes of equal lengths of about 3 mm, spaced at equal distances of about 1 mm.
• The points of intersection of these lines with the outlines/another hidden line should be clearly shown.

Center Lines

• Center Lines are drawn at the center of the drawings symmetrical about an axis or both the axes.
• These are extended by a short distance beyond the outline of the drawing.

Cutting Plane Lines

• Cutting Plane Line is drawn to show the location of a cutting plane.
• It is a long-dashed dotted narrow line, made wide at the ends, bends, and change of direction.
• The direction of viewing is shown by means of arrows resting on the cutting plane line.

Border Lines

• Border Lines are continuous wide lines of minimum thickness 0.7 mm.

Precedence of Lines

• When a Visible Line coincides with a Hidden Line or Center Line, draw the Visible Line.
• When a Hidden Line coincides with a Center Line, draw the Hidden Line.
• When a Visible Line coincides with a Cutting Plane, draw the Visible Line.
• When a Center Line coincides with a Cutting Plane, draw the Center Line and show the Cutting Plane line outside the outlines of the view at the ends of the Center Line by thick dashes.

Lettering

• Lettering is defined as writing of titles, sub-titles, dimensions, etc., on a drawing.
• Importance of Lettering: to undertake production work of an engineering component as per the drawing.
• Main Features of Lettering: legibility, uniformity, and rapidity of execution.
• Specify lettering in technical product documentation.

Single Stroke Letters

• Single-stroke letters: The word single-stroke should not be taken to mean that the lettering should be made in one stroke without lifting the pencil.
• It means that the thickness of the letter should be uniform as if it is obtained in one stroke of the pencil.

Types of Single Stroke Letters

• Lettering Type A: (i) Vertical and (ii) Sloped (at 75° to the horizontal)
• Lettering Type B: (i) Vertical and (ii) Sloped (at 75° to the horizontal)
• Type B is preferred for easy and fast execution, because of the division of height into 10 equal parts.

Projections

• The technique of representing an object in a drawn form is referred to as projection.
• Projection can be divided into pictorial (3-dimensional) projection and orthographic (2-dimensional) projection.
• Pictorial projection is further divided into:
  • Isometric
  • Oblique
  • Perspective projections
• Orthographic projection is divided into:
  • 1st angle
  • 3rd angle projection

Multi-View Projection

• Multi-view projection is a means of producing the true shape and dimension of all details of a three-dimensional object or two-dimensional plane surface.

AutoCAD

• AutoCAD is a computer-aided design software used for precise 2D and 3D drafting, design, and modeling.
• The drawing toolbar in AutoCAD:
  • This can be used to draw shapes, add color to texts or backgrounds, add clip arts, shading, and 3-D effects to enhance any project.
  • The drawing tools found in the drawing toolbar include:
    • Lines
    • Circle
    • Rectangle
    • Polyline
    • Trim
    • Extend
    • Copy
    • Mirror

Button Bar

• The button bar is a row of small icons usually arranged across the top of the workspace on the screen.
• Each icon represents a commonly used command; many programs allow you to customize your button bar to suit your taste.

Adding New Buttons to a Toolbar

• At the command prompt, enter CUI to open the Customize User Interface editor (CUI).
• On the customize tab, in the upper-left section, click TOOLBARS to expand the toolbars list.
• In the lower-left section, find and select the command that you want to add to the toolbar.
• Drag this command from the lower section onto the name button will be created in the selected toolbar.

Removing Buttons from a Toolbar

• At the command prompt, enter CUI to open the Customize User Interface editor (CUI).
• On the customize tab, in the upper-left section, click TOOLBARS to expand the toolbars list.
• In the upper-left section, find and select the toolbar and command that you want to remove from the toolbar.
• Right-click on the command and select REMOVE.