Engineering Definitions: Defect, Deferral, Design Pressure & Temperature

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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of API Standard 579-1/ASME FFS-1?

Fitness-for-service evaluation (correct)

Inspection practices for piping system components

Welding processes, inspection, and metallurgy

Pressure equipment integrity incident investigation

Which ASME code is related to process piping?

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section V

ASME PCC-1

ASME B31.3 (correct)

ASME B16.34

What is the purpose of API Recommended Practice 584?

Integrity operating windows (correct)

Pressure equipment integrity incident investigation

Risk-based inspection program

Corrosion under insulation and fireproofing

Which code provides guidelines for avoiding sulfidation (sulfidic) corrosion failures in oil refineries?

API Recommended Practice 939-C Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of API Recommended Practice 580?

Elements of a risk-based inspection program Signup and view all the answers

Which code is related to valve inspection and testing?

API Standard 598 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of NACE SP0472?

Methods and controls to prevent in-service environmental cracking of carbon steel weldments Signup and view all the answers

Which code provides a set of methodologies for assessing risk?

API Recommended Practice 581 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ASME PCC-2?

Repair of pressure equipment and piping Signup and view all the answers

Which code provides guidelines for safe operation of hydrofluoric acid alkylation units?

API Recommended Practice 751 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a part or product that is unable to meet minimum applicable acceptance standards or specifications?

Defect Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a design pressure in a piping system?

To determine the maximum pressure expected during service Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe an approved and documented postponement of an inspection, test, or examination?

Deferral Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature used for the design of the piping system per the applicable construction code?

Design Temperature Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a factor that determines the design pressure of a piping system?

Corrosion allowance Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of determining the design temperature of a piping system?

To design the piping system for safe operation Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between design pressure and design temperature in a piping system?

Design pressure is subject to the same rules relating to allowances for variations of pressure or temperature or both Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of design pressure and design temperature in a piping system?

They determine the minimum applicable acceptance standards or specifications Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary basis for categorizing alloys?

Whether they are ferrous or nonferrous Signup and view all the answers

What is not considered an alteration to a piping system?

Replacing a piping component with an identical one Signup and view all the answers

What is an applicable construction code?

A recognized engineering standard for piping system design Signup and view all the answers

What is required prior to performing a specific activity on a piping system?

Authorization from the engineer or owner-operator Signup and view all the answers

Why are carbon steels not considered alloys for purposes of this code?

It is a special exemption in this code Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of an alteration to a piping system?

To affect the pressure-containing capability of the system Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Definitions

A defect is a discontinuity or discontinuities that render a part or product unable to meet minimum applicable acceptance standards or specifications.
Deferral is an approved and documented postponement of an inspection, test, or examination.
Design pressure is the pressure at the most severe condition of coincident internal or external pressure and temperature expected during service.
Design temperature is the temperature used for the design of the piping system per the applicable construction code.

Inspection and Maintenance

This inspection code recognizes risk-based inspection (RBI) concepts for determining inspection intervals or due dates and strategies.
API 580 provides the basic minimum and recommended elements for developing, implementing, and maintaining an RBI program.
API 581 provides a set of methodologies for assessing risk (both probability of failure and consequence of failure) and for developing inspection plans.

Normative References

The following documents are referred to in the text and constitute requirements of this document:
- API Recommended Practice 571, Damage Mechanisms Affecting Fixed Equipment in the Refining Industry
- API Recommended Practice 574, Inspection Practices for Piping System Components
- API Recommended Practice 576, Inspection of Pressure-relieving Devices
- ... (and many more)

Alterations and Authorization

An alteration is a physical change in any component that has design implications that affect the pressure-containing capability of a piping system beyond the scope described in existing data reports.
Authorization is approval/agreement to perform a specific activity (e.g. repair) prior to the activity being performed.

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Description

Test your understanding of key engineering definitions including defect, deferral, design pressure, and design temperature. Learn the meanings and applications of these concepts in engineering.