Engineering Concepts: Discharge and Dredging

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is discharge in the context of waterways?

The technique used for underwater mapping

The process of measuring depth at a specific point

The process of removing sediment from water bodies

The volume of water flowing past a section per unit time (correct)

Which unit is equivalent to six feet and used for measuring water depth?

Meter

Fathom (correct)

Kilometer

Nautical mile

What is the primary purpose of hydrographic surveys?

To collect data for navigation and construction projects (correct)

To measure the temperature of water bodies

To assess fish populations in aquatic environments

To determine the salinity of ocean waters

What does dredging involve?

Removing sediment from underwater locations Signup and view all the answers

Which process is used to predict discharge rates in streams and rivers?

Stream gaging Signup and view all the answers

What are tidal datums used for?

Determining the elevation on land Signup and view all the answers

What does sounding refer to in hydrography?

The process of measuring water depth Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes an imaginary line underwater representing equal elevation?

Subaqueous contour Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily causes tides on Earth?

Gravitational pull of the moon and sun Signup and view all the answers

What type of tide occurs when the sun, moon, and Earth are aligned?

Spring tide Signup and view all the answers

What does MLLW stand for in the context of tides?

Mean Lower Low Water Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of tides?

Increasing coastal land erosion Signup and view all the answers

How do tides affect surveying works?

They affect the accuracy of measurements. Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon occurs twice a month when the sun and moon are at right angles concerning Earth?

Neap tide Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of tides on human activity?

Influencing fishing patterns Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a high tide?

The highest point of water level Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of stanzas required for the poem activity?

3 stanzas Signup and view all the answers

How many lines must each stanza contain in the poem activity?

4 lines Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary topic for the poem that students need to write about?

Tides Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the institution organizing this activity?

St. John Paul II College of Davao Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the activity, which aspect is emphasized alongside creativity?

Connection with academic content Signup and view all the answers

What is the general format of writing required for the activity?

A poem Signup and view all the answers

How should students express their learning in the poem?

Using figurative language Signup and view all the answers

What academic department is organizing the activity?

Engineering Department Signup and view all the answers

What is the tone expected to be in the poem regarding tides?

Reflective and insightful Signup and view all the answers

What overall educational goal does this activity aim to achieve?

To foster creativity and critical thinking Signup and view all the answers

What role does sounding play in hydrographic surveying?

It measures the depth of water bodies. Signup and view all the answers

In hydrographic surveying, how might sounding data be utilized?

To create topographic maps of submerged terrain. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the technique of sounding?

Utilizing sound waves to determine depths in water. Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of using sounding in hydrographic surveys?

It is less accurate in shallow waters. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of equipment is commonly associated with sounding in hydrographic surveying?

Echo sounder. Signup and view all the answers

How does sounding contribute to navigation safety?

By mapping shallow areas to avoid grounding. Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding sounding important for coastal engineering?

It informs the placement of structures in relation to water depth. Signup and view all the answers

What is one method of conducting sounding in hydrographic surveys?

Using a handheld depth gauge. Signup and view all the answers

What environmental factors can affect the accuracy of sounding measurements?

All of the above. Signup and view all the answers

In hydrographic surveying, which of the following can be derived from sounding data?

Underwater topography. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a semi-diurnal tide?

Two episodes each of approximately equal size high and low water each tidal day. Signup and view all the answers

In which locations are diurnal tides typically found?

Along the Gulf of Mexico and the Philippines. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about mixed tides is true?

They rise and fall to varying levels, despite having two high waters and two low waters. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'estuary' refer to?

An area where a freshwater river meets the ocean. Signup and view all the answers

What primarily influences the type of tide experienced in a given location?

The combination of various tide-raising forces including the moon's position. Signup and view all the answers

Where are semi-diurnal tides most commonly found?

U.S. Atlantic coast. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the high and low water events in diurnal tides?

One high water event followed by one low water event each day. Signup and view all the answers

What is a surge in tidal terminology?

A sudden change in depth. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Discharge measures the volume of water flow through specific waterways, typically in cubic feet per second or cubic meters per second.
Dredging involves removing underwater materials like mud, sand, and rocks to modify water bodies for navigation and harbor purposes.
Fathom is a unit of water depth measurement, equal to six feet.
Hydrographic charts display water depths, navigational markers, and characteristics of underwater terrain.
Hydrographic surveying collects data about water bodies and adjacent land areas for various applications.
Hydrography is the discipline focused on the study and mapping of aquatic environments for navigation and commercial use.
Sounding measures the depth of water at specific locations.
Stream gaging involves measurements in water bodies to predict discharge rates at varying water levels.
A stream is defined as a steady flow of water on Earth's surface.
Subaqueous contour lines, or depth curves, represent points of equal underwater elevation.
Tidal datums serve as reference points for measuring sea depths and determining land elevations.

Purpose of Hydrographic Surveys

Hydrographic surveys provide data essential for creating hydrographic maps and nautical charts for navigation.
They are crucial for harbor improvements, yardage measurements, and dredging projects.
They assist in flood control efforts, water supply management, hydroelectric power generation, pipeline projects, and irrigation systems.

Types of Tides

Semidiurnal Tides: Feature two nearly equal high and low tides each day and are most prevalent along the U.S. Atlantic coast when the moon is over the equator.
Diurnal Tides: Have one high and one low tide daily, typically occurring where the moon is farthest from the equator, seen in places like the Gulf of Mexico and the Philippines.
Mixed Tides: Include two high and two low tides each day, but the levels of high and low tides vary significantly.

Additional Terms

An estuary is where freshwater from rivers meets the ocean.
Surge refers to a sudden change in water depth, often affecting coastal regions during storms or unusual weather conditions.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore key engineering concepts of discharge and dredging in this quiz. Understand the significance of water flow measurements and the processes involved in channel manipulation. Perfect for students in engineering programs looking to enhance their knowledge of hydraulic and environmental engineering.