Questions and Answers
Define Cylinder Arrangement
Refers to the position of the cylinders in relation to the crankshaft.
Name the four basic cylinder arrangements.
Inline, V-type, W-type, and Opposed.
The cylinders of a(n) _________ engine are lined up in a single row.
Inline
The _______ consists of two cylinder banks that form a "V" but the cylinders in each bank are offset, forming a second, very narrow "V".
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Cylinders of a(n) _________ engine lie flat on either side of the crankshaft.
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Normally, car and truck engines have either _________ cylinders.
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A greater number of cylinders generally ________ engine smoothness and power.
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A(n) _________ cylinder engine produces twice as many power strokes per crank revolution as a(n) ________ cylinder engine.
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Why do engine manufacturers number each engine cylinder?
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Cylinder numbers are normally stamped on an engine's ______ rods or they are sometimes cast into the ________.
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Explain how a liquid cooling system operates.
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___________ cooled engines are seldom used in passenger cars.
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An air cooling system circulates air over _________ on the cylinders to prevent overheating.
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An engine can be classified by the type of _________ it burns.
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Name at least three types of fuels used in automotive engines.
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What are two most common types of fuel for vehicles?
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Explain the difference between a spark ignition engine and a compression ignition engine.
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Gasoline engines use _________ ignition.
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A diesel engine is a(n) ________ ignition engine.
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A(n) __________ engine has both the intake and exhaust valves in the block.
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A(n) _______ engine has both valves in the cylinder head.
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What type of valve-camshaft arrangement is illustrated below?
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What type of valve-camshaft arrangement is illustrated below?
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Name the two basic locations for the engine camshaft.
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A(n) ______ engine uses push rods to transfer motion to the rocker arms and valves and a(n) ________ engine has the camshaft in the cylinder head.
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A(n) ______ engine has only one camshaft per cylinder head.
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The _____ arrangement is frequently used in engines equipped with four-valve combustion chambers.
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List the four types of combustion chamber designs.
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The _________ combustion chamber has valve heads that are almost parallel to the top of the piston.
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In a(n) _______ combustion chamber, the spark plug is located near the center.
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A(n) _________ combustion chamber is designed to cause the air-fuel mixture to spin, as it enters from the ________ port.
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The extra valves in a(n) _________ combustion chamber increase flow in and out of the chamber.
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A three-valve combustion chamber has ________ intake valve(s) and ________ exhaust valve(s).
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Study Notes
Cylinder Arrangement
- Cylinder arrangement refers to the position of the cylinders in relation to the crankshaft.
- Four basic cylinder arrangements include inline, V-type, W-type, and opposed.
Engine Configuration
- Inline engines line up all cylinders in a single row.
- W-type engines consist of two cylinder banks forming a narrow "V" with offset cylinders.
- Opposed engines have cylinders lying flat on either side of the crankshaft.
Cylinder Count and Engine Performance
- Typical car and truck engines have 4, 6, or 8 cylinders.
- More cylinders generally increase engine smoothness and power.
- An 8-cylinder engine produces twice the number of power strokes per crank revolution compared to a 4-cylinder engine.
Cylinder Numbering
- Engine manufacturers number each cylinder to aid technicians during repairs.
- Cylinder numbers are often stamped on connecting rods or cast into the intake manifold.
Cooling Systems
- Liquid cooling systems surround the cylinder with coolant to transfer combustion heat away from the engine block.
- Air-cooled engines use air circulation over cooling fins on cylinders to prevent overheating and are seldom used in passenger cars.
Fuel Types
- Engines can be classified by the fuel they burn, including liquefied petroleum gas, gasohol, and pure alcohol.
- The two most common fuels for vehicles are gasoline and diesel.
Ignition Types
- Spark ignition engines use an electric arc at the spark plug to ignite fuel.
- Compression ignition engines compress air in the combustion chamber until hot enough to ignite fuel.
- Gasoline engines utilize spark ignition, while diesel engines operate with compression ignition.
Engine Valve Configurations
- L-head engines have both intake and exhaust valves in the block, while I-head engines have both in the cylinder head.
- There are two basic locations for the engine camshaft: in the block and in the cylinder head.
- Cam-in-block engines use push rods to transfer motion to the rocker arms, whereas overhead cam engines position the camshaft in the cylinder head.
Camshaft Types
- Single overhead cam engines have one camshaft per cylinder head.
- Dual overhead cam arrangements are commonly found in engines with four-valve combustion chambers.
Combustion Chamber Designs
- Four types of combustion chamber designs include pancake, wedge, hemispherical, and pent-roof.
- Pancake combustion chambers feature valve heads almost parallel to the piston.
- Hemispherical combustion chambers place the spark plug near the center.
- Swirl combustion chambers are designed to spin the air-fuel mixture as it enters from the intake port.
- Four-valve combustion chambers enhance flow efficiency with additional valves.
- Three-valve combustion chambers consist of 2 intake valves and 1 exhaust valve.
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Description
This quiz focuses on Chapter 12 of Engine Design, covering key terms and definitions related to cylinder arrangements. Learn about various configurations such as inline, V-type, W-type, and opposed arrangements through flashcards. Perfect for students looking to strengthen their understanding of engine design fundamentals.
