Enfermedad Renal Crónica: Causas, Estadios, Complicaciones, Diagnóstico y Tratamiento

Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease

• Diabetes: High blood sugar levels over time can damage kidneys
• High Blood Pressure: Uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage kidneys
• Family History: Having a family history of kidney disease increases risk
• Age: Risk of kidney disease increases with age
• Obesity: Being overweight or obese increases risk of developing kidney disease
• Smoking: Smoking can damage kidneys and increase risk of kidney disease
• Other Factors: Heart disease, high cholesterol, and rheumatoid arthritis can also increase risk

Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

• Stage 1: Kidney damage with normal kidney function
• Stage 2: Kidney damage with mild loss of kidney function
• Stage 3: Moderate loss of kidney function
• Stage 4: Severe loss of kidney function
• Stage 5: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis or transplant

Complications of Chronic Kidney Disease

• Anemia: Low red blood cell count due to kidney damage
• Bone Disease: Weakened bones due to kidney damage
• Cardiovascular Disease: Increased risk of heart disease and stroke
• Fluid Buildup: Fluid buildup in body leading to swelling and high blood pressure
• Malnutrition: Poor nutrition due to kidney damage
• Nerve Damage: Nerve damage leading to numbness, tingling, and weakness

Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease

• Urine Tests: Urine tests to measure protein and creatinine levels
• Blood Tests: Blood tests to measure creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
• Imaging Tests: Imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scan to visualize kidneys
• Biopsy: Kidney biopsy to examine kidney tissue

Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease

• Lifestyle Changes: Diet modifications, exercise, and stress management
• Medications: Medications to control blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol
• Dialysis: Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis to filter waste products
• Kidney Transplant: Surgical transplant of a healthy kidney from a donor
• Palliative Care: Symptom management and supportive care for end-stage renal disease

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