Energy Types and Forms

Energy and Its Forms

• Energy is the ability to do work or cause a change and is measured in units of joules (J).
• Forms of energy include:
  • Potential energy (stored energy)
  • Energy we experience (sound, light, kinetic, thermal, electrical, and mechanical energy)

Types of Potential Energy

• Chemical energy (stored in food, fuel)
• Nuclear energy (stored in the center of particles)
• Gravitational energy (stored in an object when above the Earth's surface)

Energy Transfer Processes

• Conduction: transfer of energy by direct contact
• Convection: transfer of energy by the movement of fluids
• Radiation: transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves

Law of Conservation of Energy

• Energy cannot be created or destroyed in a closed system, it can only be transferred or transformed from one form to another

Energy Transfer in Chemical Reactions

• Chemical reactions involve a transfer of energy between the system and the surroundings
• Total energy is conserved, meaning it cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another or transferred between the system and its surroundings
• The system refers to the components involved in the chemical reaction
• The surroundings encompass everything outside the system

Temperature and Heat

• Temperature is a quantitative measurement often associated with heat
• Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles measured in units of K or °C
• Heat is the energy transferred from a region of high temperature to a region of low temperature measured in units of J