Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary energy input driving the earth-atmosphere system?
What is the primary energy input driving the earth-atmosphere system?
- Incoming solar radiation (correct)
- Geothermal energy
- Convection currents
- Wind energy
Which heat transfer method involves the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves?
Which heat transfer method involves the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves?
- Conduction
- Convection
- Radiation (correct)
- Advection
What term describes the reflectivity of a surface, including its effects on urban heat islands?
What term describes the reflectivity of a surface, including its effects on urban heat islands?
- Albedo (correct)
- Luminosity
- Irradiance
- Thermal capacity
Which of the following is NOT a type of heat transfer mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a type of heat transfer mentioned?
How does the temperature of a substance relate to the wavelengths it emits?
How does the temperature of a substance relate to the wavelengths it emits?
What is considered an effect of clouds and aerosols on atmospheric temperature?
What is considered an effect of clouds and aerosols on atmospheric temperature?
In the context of energy transmission to Earth’s surface, what role does absorption play?
In the context of energy transmission to Earth’s surface, what role does absorption play?
What is characterized by daily temperature variations influenced by urban areas?
What is characterized by daily temperature variations influenced by urban areas?
What type of heat transfer involves the movement of energy through air or space?
What type of heat transfer involves the movement of energy through air or space?
Which type of heat is directly sensed by humans as temperature?
Which type of heat is directly sensed by humans as temperature?
What mechanism describes the molecule-to-molecule transfer of heat?
What mechanism describes the molecule-to-molecule transfer of heat?
What is the main characteristic of latent heat?
What is the main characteristic of latent heat?
Sensible heat flux is primarily associated with which of the following?
Sensible heat flux is primarily associated with which of the following?
What does ground heat flux refer to?
What does ground heat flux refer to?
Which factor is NOT related to sensible heat transfer?
Which factor is NOT related to sensible heat transfer?
In what way does latent heat affect temperature on the surface?
In what way does latent heat affect temperature on the surface?
What happens to light during scattering?
What happens to light during scattering?
Which color of light has a longer wavelength?
Which color of light has a longer wavelength?
What does albedo measure?
What does albedo measure?
Which of the following gases absorbs solar and longwave radiation?
Which of the following gases absorbs solar and longwave radiation?
What is the main effect of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?
What is the main effect of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?
What is the result of light refraction?
What is the result of light refraction?
How does the albedo of water change with the angle of the Sun?
How does the albedo of water change with the angle of the Sun?
What is the primary behavior of reflection in the atmosphere?
What is the primary behavior of reflection in the atmosphere?
What role do greenhouse gases play in the atmosphere?
What role do greenhouse gases play in the atmosphere?
After sunset, why does it take time for the temperature to drop?
After sunset, why does it take time for the temperature to drop?
Which sector was the largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in South Africa in 2012?
Which sector was the largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in South Africa in 2012?
What percentage of South Africa's energy emissions come from electricity and heat?
What percentage of South Africa's energy emissions come from electricity and heat?
Which of the following sources contributes the most to agricultural greenhouse gas emissions?
Which of the following sources contributes the most to agricultural greenhouse gas emissions?
What factor contributes to the residual warmth in the ground after sunset?
What factor contributes to the residual warmth in the ground after sunset?
Which activity contributes to greenhouse gas emissions linked to manure in agriculture?
Which activity contributes to greenhouse gas emissions linked to manure in agriculture?
What primarily causes urban areas to become warmer than rural areas?
What primarily causes urban areas to become warmer than rural areas?
What is a significant outcome of increased levels of CO2 in the atmosphere?
What is a significant outcome of increased levels of CO2 in the atmosphere?
Which process describes the energy transfer through vertical movement?
Which process describes the energy transfer through vertical movement?
Which factor does NOT contribute to net radiation at Earth's surface?
Which factor does NOT contribute to net radiation at Earth's surface?
What is the term for the reflective quality of a surface, which affects heating and cooling?
What is the term for the reflective quality of a surface, which affects heating and cooling?
Which of the following statements best describes an urban heat island?
Which of the following statements best describes an urban heat island?
Study Notes
Energy Pathways and Principles
- Insolation is the primary energy source for the Earth-atmosphere system
- Insolation is not distributed equally across the globe
Methods of Heat Transfer
- Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves
- Conduction is the molecule-to-molecule transfer of heat
- Convection is the transfer of heat through vertical movement
- Advection is the horizontal movement of heat
Types of Heat
- Sensible heat is the heat we can feel as temperature
- Latent heat is hidden heat, which is the energy gained or lost when a substance changes state
Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
- Scattering is the interaction of insolation with particles, changing the light's direction without altering its wavelength
- Diffusion is incoming energy that reaches Earth’s surface after scattering
- Rayleigh scattering rule states that shorter wavelengths scatter more than longer wavelengths
- Transmission refers to the passage of shortwave and longwave radiation through the atmosphere or water
- Absorption is the assimilation of radiation by molecules and its conversion into another form of energy
- Refraction is the change in speed and direction of light as it passes between mediums
- Reflection is the portion of arriving radiation that bounces back into space
Albedo
- Albedo is the percentage of insolation reflected
- Rough surfaces (high albedo) reflect more than smooth surfaces (low albedo)
- Light color surfaces (high albedo) reflect more than dark color surfaces (low albedo)
- Albedo of water surface varies from low angles (high albedo) to high angles (low albedo)
The Greenhouse Effect and Atmospheric Warming
- The Earth emits longwave radiation back to space
- Some of this radiation is absorbed by greenhouse gases like CO2 and water vapor
- This absorbed radiation is then re-radiated back to Earth, warming the atmosphere
Daily Radiation Patterns
- The Sun provides constant heat throughout the day, especially during peak hours
- After sunset, time is needed to cool down due to the ground absorbing solar radiation and then releasing infrared heat
- The temperature lag is due to the ground releasing infrared heat, which warms the air, even after sunset
Urban Heat Island
- Urban heat islands are metropolitan areas that are warmer than surrounding rural areas
- This is due to building materials being good insulators and holding in heat, making areas around buildings warmer
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Description
This quiz covers the principles of energy pathways and methods of heat transfer such as radiation, conduction, and convection. It also delves into the types of heat including sensible and latent heat, and explores energy transfer in the atmosphere, including concepts like scattering and transmission. Test your understanding of these essential atmospheric science concepts!
