Energy Transfer and Absorption Quiz

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What is the main purpose of a quantitative concept of a dose of radiation?

To study the history of radiation dosimetry

To create ionizing radiation

To reproduce clinical outcomes

To predict associated radiation effects (correct)

Who is credited with the discovery of x-rays in 1895?

Röntgen (correct)

GTB Hospital

Mohit Kumar

UCMS

Which term refers to the quantity of radiation energy absorbed per unit mass of tissue?

Absorbed Dose (correct)

Equivalent Dose

KERMA

Exposure

Why was there a need for protection against ionizing radiation in medicine?

To prevent harm to medical professionals and patients (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dose aims to quantify the biological effects of different types of ionizing radiation?

Effective Dose (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the total equivalent dose to an organ (HT)?

HT = Absorbed Dose x radiation weighting factor (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the radiation weighting factor for x-rays according to the text?

1 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the units when moving from absorbed dose in mGy to equivalent dose in mSv?

They change (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the tissue weighting factor represent?

The risk of detrimental radiation effects to different organs or tissue (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which organ has a tissue weighting factor of 0.08 according to ICRP103?

Gonads (B) Signup and view all the answers

In Example No. 3, which organ received the highest equivalent (organ) dose as a result of the chest PA x-radiograph?

Breast (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between nuclear radiation and heat in terms of energy transfer?

Nuclear radiation transfers energy to an absorbing medium, while heat increases the temperature of matter. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an orbital electron is removed from an atom?

The atom becomes positively charged (an ion). (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of ionization energy?

Energy needed to remove an electron from an atom. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does indirectly ionizing radiation transfer energy to matter?

By imparting energy as kinetic energy to secondary charged particles. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes directly ionizing radiation?

Charged particles transfer their kinetic energy directly to the medium. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why can the body detect harmful levels of heat but not absorbed energy from nuclear radiation?

Heat triggers physiological responses in the body, while absorbed nuclear radiation does not. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental dosimetric quantity defined as?

Mean energy imparted by ionizing radiation to matter (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which particles primarily absorb most of the energy directly?

Charged particles (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is KERMA an acronym for?

Kinetic Energy Release per unit Mass (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI unit of absorbed dose?

Gray (Gy) (B) Signup and view all the answers

In what process does the absorption of energy not take place at the same location as the transfer of energy described by kerma?

Electron absorption (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the second step for uncharged particles like photons or neutrons in imparting energy to matter?

Energy transfer to charged particles (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between collision KERMA and absorbed dose Exposure X?

X = dQ/dm (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of exposure according to the SI system of units?

Coulomb per kilogram (C/kg) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was the old unit used for exposure before the adoption of the SI system?

Roentgen (R) (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is the roentgen defined in terms of charge production in air?

1 esu of charge per 0.001293g of air (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the numerical value relationship between Roentgen and Coulombs per kilogram?

1 Roentgen = 2.58 × 10–4 C/kg (C) Signup and view all the answers