Energy Transfer and Absorption Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of a quantitative concept of a dose of radiation?

  • To study the history of radiation dosimetry
  • To create ionizing radiation
  • To reproduce clinical outcomes
  • To predict associated radiation effects (correct)
  • Who is credited with the discovery of x-rays in 1895?

  • Röntgen (correct)
  • GTB Hospital
  • Mohit Kumar
  • UCMS
  • Which term refers to the quantity of radiation energy absorbed per unit mass of tissue?

  • Absorbed Dose (correct)
  • Equivalent Dose
  • KERMA
  • Exposure
  • Why was there a need for protection against ionizing radiation in medicine?

    <p>To prevent harm to medical professionals and patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dose aims to quantify the biological effects of different types of ionizing radiation?

    <p>Effective Dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating the total equivalent dose to an organ (HT)?

    <p>HT = Absorbed Dose x radiation weighting factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the radiation weighting factor for x-rays according to the text?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the units when moving from absorbed dose in mGy to equivalent dose in mSv?

    <p>They change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the tissue weighting factor represent?

    <p>The risk of detrimental radiation effects to different organs or tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ has a tissue weighting factor of 0.08 according to ICRP103?

    <p>Gonads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Example No. 3, which organ received the highest equivalent (organ) dose as a result of the chest PA x-radiograph?

    <p>Breast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between nuclear radiation and heat in terms of energy transfer?

    <p>Nuclear radiation transfers energy to an absorbing medium, while heat increases the temperature of matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an orbital electron is removed from an atom?

    <p>The atom becomes positively charged (an ion).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of ionization energy?

    <p>Energy needed to remove an electron from an atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does indirectly ionizing radiation transfer energy to matter?

    <p>By imparting energy as kinetic energy to secondary charged particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes directly ionizing radiation?

    <p>Charged particles transfer their kinetic energy directly to the medium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can the body detect harmful levels of heat but not absorbed energy from nuclear radiation?

    <p>Heat triggers physiological responses in the body, while absorbed nuclear radiation does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental dosimetric quantity defined as?

    <p>Mean energy imparted by ionizing radiation to matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which particles primarily absorb most of the energy directly?

    <p>Charged particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is KERMA an acronym for?

    <p>Kinetic Energy Release per unit Mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SI unit of absorbed dose?

    <p>Gray (Gy)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what process does the absorption of energy not take place at the same location as the transfer of energy described by kerma?

    <p>Electron absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second step for uncharged particles like photons or neutrons in imparting energy to matter?

    <p>Energy transfer to charged particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between collision KERMA and absorbed dose Exposure X?

    <p>X = dQ/dm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of exposure according to the SI system of units?

    <p>Coulomb per kilogram (C/kg)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the old unit used for exposure before the adoption of the SI system?

    <p>Roentgen (R)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the roentgen defined in terms of charge production in air?

    <p>1 esu of charge per 0.001293g of air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the numerical value relationship between Roentgen and Coulombs per kilogram?

    <p>1 Roentgen = 2.58 × 10–4 C/kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

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