Energy Transfer and Absorption Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of a quantitative concept of a dose of radiation?

  • To study the history of radiation dosimetry
  • To create ionizing radiation
  • To reproduce clinical outcomes
  • To predict associated radiation effects (correct)

Who is credited with the discovery of x-rays in 1895?

  • Röntgen (correct)
  • GTB Hospital
  • Mohit Kumar
  • UCMS

Which term refers to the quantity of radiation energy absorbed per unit mass of tissue?

  • Absorbed Dose (correct)
  • Equivalent Dose
  • KERMA
  • Exposure

Why was there a need for protection against ionizing radiation in medicine?

<p>To prevent harm to medical professionals and patients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dose aims to quantify the biological effects of different types of ionizing radiation?

<p>Effective Dose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the total equivalent dose to an organ (HT)?

<p>HT = Absorbed Dose x radiation weighting factor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the radiation weighting factor for x-rays according to the text?

<p>1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the units when moving from absorbed dose in mGy to equivalent dose in mSv?

<p>They change (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the tissue weighting factor represent?

<p>The risk of detrimental radiation effects to different organs or tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ has a tissue weighting factor of 0.08 according to ICRP103?

<p>Gonads (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Example No. 3, which organ received the highest equivalent (organ) dose as a result of the chest PA x-radiograph?

<p>Breast (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between nuclear radiation and heat in terms of energy transfer?

<p>Nuclear radiation transfers energy to an absorbing medium, while heat increases the temperature of matter. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an orbital electron is removed from an atom?

<p>The atom becomes positively charged (an ion). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of ionization energy?

<p>Energy needed to remove an electron from an atom. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does indirectly ionizing radiation transfer energy to matter?

<p>By imparting energy as kinetic energy to secondary charged particles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes directly ionizing radiation?

<p>Charged particles transfer their kinetic energy directly to the medium. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can the body detect harmful levels of heat but not absorbed energy from nuclear radiation?

<p>Heat triggers physiological responses in the body, while absorbed nuclear radiation does not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental dosimetric quantity defined as?

<p>Mean energy imparted by ionizing radiation to matter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which particles primarily absorb most of the energy directly?

<p>Charged particles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is KERMA an acronym for?

<p>Kinetic Energy Release per unit Mass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the SI unit of absorbed dose?

<p>Gray (Gy) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what process does the absorption of energy not take place at the same location as the transfer of energy described by kerma?

<p>Electron absorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second step for uncharged particles like photons or neutrons in imparting energy to matter?

<p>Energy transfer to charged particles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between collision KERMA and absorbed dose Exposure X?

<p>X = dQ/dm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of exposure according to the SI system of units?

<p>Coulomb per kilogram (C/kg) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the old unit used for exposure before the adoption of the SI system?

<p>Roentgen (R) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the roentgen defined in terms of charge production in air?

<p>1 esu of charge per 0.001293g of air (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the numerical value relationship between Roentgen and Coulombs per kilogram?

<p>1 Roentgen = 2.58 × 10–4 C/kg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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