28 Questions
What is the main purpose of a quantitative concept of a dose of radiation?
To predict associated radiation effects
Who is credited with the discovery of x-rays in 1895?
Röntgen
Which term refers to the quantity of radiation energy absorbed per unit mass of tissue?
Absorbed Dose
Why was there a need for protection against ionizing radiation in medicine?
To prevent harm to medical professionals and patients
Which type of dose aims to quantify the biological effects of different types of ionizing radiation?
Effective Dose
What is the formula for calculating the total equivalent dose to an organ (HT)?
HT = Absorbed Dose x radiation weighting factor
What is the radiation weighting factor for x-rays according to the text?
1
What happens to the units when moving from absorbed dose in mGy to equivalent dose in mSv?
They change
What does the tissue weighting factor represent?
The risk of detrimental radiation effects to different organs or tissue
Which organ has a tissue weighting factor of 0.08 according to ICRP103?
Gonads
In Example No. 3, which organ received the highest equivalent (organ) dose as a result of the chest PA x-radiograph?
Breast
What is the main difference between nuclear radiation and heat in terms of energy transfer?
Nuclear radiation transfers energy to an absorbing medium, while heat increases the temperature of matter.
What happens when an orbital electron is removed from an atom?
The atom becomes positively charged (an ion).
What is the definition of ionization energy?
Energy needed to remove an electron from an atom.
How does indirectly ionizing radiation transfer energy to matter?
By imparting energy as kinetic energy to secondary charged particles.
What characterizes directly ionizing radiation?
Charged particles transfer their kinetic energy directly to the medium.
Why can the body detect harmful levels of heat but not absorbed energy from nuclear radiation?
Heat triggers physiological responses in the body, while absorbed nuclear radiation does not.
What is the fundamental dosimetric quantity defined as?
Mean energy imparted by ionizing radiation to matter
Which particles primarily absorb most of the energy directly?
Charged particles
What is KERMA an acronym for?
Kinetic Energy Release per unit Mass
What is the SI unit of absorbed dose?
Gray (Gy)
In what process does the absorption of energy not take place at the same location as the transfer of energy described by kerma?
Electron absorption
What is the second step for uncharged particles like photons or neutrons in imparting energy to matter?
Energy transfer to charged particles
What is the relationship between collision KERMA and absorbed dose Exposure X?
X = dQ/dm
What is the unit of exposure according to the SI system of units?
Coulomb per kilogram (C/kg)
What was the old unit used for exposure before the adoption of the SI system?
Roentgen (R)
How is the roentgen defined in terms of charge production in air?
1 esu of charge per 0.001293g of air
What is the numerical value relationship between Roentgen and Coulombs per kilogram?
1 Roentgen = 2.58 × 10–4 C/kg
Test your knowledge on energy transfer and absorption processes involving charged and uncharged particles. Learn about the direct absorption of energy by charged particles and the transfer of energy to secondary charged particles. Explore how uncharged particles like photons or neutrons impart their energy to matter in a two-stage process.
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