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Questions and Answers
What are the three main forms of power?
What is the primary purpose of the technological method?
Which of the following best defines kinetic energy?
What does BTu stand for?
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What percentage of electricity in the United States comes from nuclear power?
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Which is a characteristic of acid rain?
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What is the main advantage of synfuels?
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How does an electrostatic precipitator function?
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What is the main advantage of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) compared to a boiling water reactor (BWR)?
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Which of the following is NOT considered an inexhaustible source of energy?
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What components make up an electrical circuit?
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What is a key feature distinguishing active solar energy collection systems from passive ones?
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Which of the following best describes a scalar quantity?
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What does mechanical advantage refer to?
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What is one of the advantages of using a closed loop system?
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Which of the following is a distinct advantage of flat-plate collectors?
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Why is fluid power advantageous over purely mechanical systems?
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What safety precaution should be taken when working with fluid power systems?
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Which of the following is an example of a fluid power component?
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What characteristic differentiates direct current (DC) from alternating current (AC)?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the six simple machines used to control mechanical power?
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Study Notes
Power Forms
- Three main forms of power are electric, mechanical, and fluid.
Technology and Technological Method
- Technology encompasses human-made tools, equipment, machines, and methods to solve problems and enhance life.
- The technological method involves researching, testing, and refining to develop new products.
Technological System Components
- Inputs feed into the process of a technological system.
- The process transforms inputs into outputs.
- Outputs are the end results of the technological system.
Kinetic Energy
- Kinetic energy is energy associated with motion.
- Examples include water spinning turbines in hydroelectric plants, windmills, and moving cars.
British Thermal Unit (BTu)
- A BTU is the basic unit of energy measurement.
Automobile Engine Efficiency
- Modern automobile engines operate at over 30% efficiency.
Acid Rain
- Acid rain results from combustion by-products like carbon oxides and sulfur oxides condensing in the atmosphere and falling as precipitation.
Importance of Recycling
- Recycling conserves energy and saves money by utilizing recycled materials instead of new raw materials.
Land Reclamation
- Land reclamation refers to restoring land to usable conditions after strip mining.
Synfuels
- Synfuels serve to supplement existing oil and natural gas supplies.
Electrostatic Precipitator
- This device positively charges waste particles and attracts them to negatively charged electrodes for removal.
Oil Shale and Tar Sands
- Oil shale contains kerogen, which is crushed and heated to extract oil.
- Tar sands are mined and mixed with water/steam to produce bitumen, a crude oil source.
Nuclear Power in the U.S.
- Nuclear power accounts for approximately 20% of electricity generation in the United States.
Radioactive Element Half-Life
- The half-life is the time required for the radioactivity of a substance to decrease by 50%.
Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) vs. Boiling Water Reactors (BWR)
- PWRs use a steam generator, allowing turbines to remain free of radioactive contamination, enhancing maintenance safety.
Renewable Energy Sources
- Basic renewable energy sources include solar, wind, and hydropower.
Inexhaustible Energy Sources
- Frequently utilized inexhaustible sources include hydroelectricity, geothermal energy, and wind energy.
Active vs. Passive Solar Collection
- Active solar collection systems utilize pumps and fans to distribute heat.
- Passive solar collection relies on natural heat absorption without mechanical movement.
Closed Loop System Advantage
- This system can use water-alcohol antifreeze to prevent freezing.
Flat-Plate Collectors
- These stationary collectors are mounted facing south, known for their simplicity and reliability.
Electrical Power Components
- Common components include switches, fuses, circuit breakers, wires, and loads (lights, motors, appliances).
Simple Machines
- Six simple machines: lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, and screw.
Fluid Power Components
- Examples include valves, hoses, air compressors, hydraulic pumps, and motors.
Direct Current (DC) vs. Alternating Current (AC)
- DC flows in one direction, while AC alternates directionality.
Electrical Circuit Components
- An electrical circuit consists of a power source, load, and conductors.
Protection for Delicate Equipment
- Surge suppressors protect equipment from excessive voltages.
Mechanical Energy Control Machines
- Common machines again include lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, and screw.
Scalar vs. Vector Quantity
- Scalar quantities are defined by magnitude alone (e.g., 35 mph).
- Vector quantities have both magnitude and direction (e.g., 100 mph north).
Mechanical Advantage
- Mechanical advantage provides increased force, speed, or distance.
Advantages of Fluid Power
- Fluid power enhances strength through force multiplication and components experience less wear compared to mechanical systems.
Gas Power Advantage
- Gases under pressure offer cushioning effects, reducing system shock.
Safety Precautions with Fluid Power
- Safety glasses are essential due to the risk of bursting hoses causing dangerous whip effects.
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Description
Test your understanding of the main forms of power and the technological method as outlined in Chapter 1 of Energy Technology. This quiz will help you reinforce your knowledge of electric, mechanical, and fluid power, and explore how technology aids in problem solving and innovation.
