Energy Sources of Muscles Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the byproduct of ATP production during exercise?

Carbon dioxide and water (correct)

Glycogen and glucose

Lactic acid and oxygen

Fatty acids and proteins

What is the source of oxygen in muscle fibers during exercise?

Neither oxygen diffused from the blood nor oxygen released by myoglobin

Only oxygen diffused from the blood

Both oxygen diffused from the blood and oxygen released by myoglobin (correct)

Only oxygen released by myoglobin

What is the purpose of oxygen debt after exercise?

To increase oxygen debt further

To restore pre-exercise conditions by replenishing oxygen and energy stores (correct)

To replenish oxygen stores in the muscles

To decrease oxygen consumption

What is the primary source of energy for muscle contraction?

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of aerobic exercise on muscle fibers?

Greater resistance to fatigue Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of anaerobic glycolysis?

Lactic acid Signup and view all the answers

What happens to free fatty acids in the mitochondria of muscle fibers during exercise?

They are transformed into acetyl CoA and used in the Krebs cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of aerobic exercise on the heart?

It increases in size and pumping ability Signup and view all the answers

Which system is responsible for regenerating ATP through the breakdown of creatine phosphate?

Phosphagen system Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?

The presence or absence of oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the oxygen required to restore muscle ATP stores after exercise?

Oxygen debt Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a source of ATP production in muscles?

Muscle protein Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of creatine phosphate in muscle metabolism?

To store energy in its phosphate bonds Signup and view all the answers

How long can muscle contractions last with the ATP stored in muscles?

A few seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for exercise lasting longer than 10 minutes?

Aerobic respiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the net ATP production for each glucose molecule in aerobic cellular respiration?

38 ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of glycolysis that is reused in the Cori cycle?

Lactate Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which energy from NADH and FADH2 is used to generate ATP?

Oxidative phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred fuel source for most skeletal muscles during aerobic respiration?

Triglycerides Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location where aerobic respiration takes place?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of blood lactate levels during aerobic respiration?

Low (3-6 mmol/L bl) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two pathways involved in the aerobic oxidative system?

Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Energy Sources of Muscles

Muscles need energy to produce contractions, which is derived from ATP.
ATP is present in limited quantities in muscles and needs to be resynthesized from other sources when depleted.

Sources of ATP

Creatine phosphate (CP)
Muscle glycogen
Lipids (free fatty acids)
ATP supplies energy for muscle contraction and active-transport Ca++ pumps in the SR.

Mechanisms of ATP Regeneration

Creatine phosphate metabolism (Phosphagen System)
Anaerobic glycolysis (Glycogen-lactic acid system)
Aerobic respiration

Creatine Phosphate

A molecule that stores energy in its phosphate bonds, lasting 120 seconds and beyond.
Uses glucose, glycogen, fats, and proteins to make ATP.
By-products are carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
Free fatty acids in mitochondria of muscle fibers are transformed into acetyl CoA, used in ATP resynthesis.

Oxygen Debt

Muscle tissue has two sources of oxygen: oxygen that diffuses into muscle fibers from the blood and oxygen released by myoglobin within muscle fibers.
Oxygen debt is the amount of additional oxygen required following exercise to restore pre-exercise conditions.
Additional oxygen is required to replace oxygen on hemoglobin and myoglobin, replenish glycogen, ATP, and creatine phosphate, and convert lactic acid back to glucose (in the liver).

Effects of Exercise on Muscle

Benefits of aerobic exercise include stronger, more flexible muscles, greater resistance to fatigue, improved aerobic respiration efficiency, and overall body metabolism.
Aerobic exercise also enhances neuromuscular coordination, heart pumping ability, and lung gas exchange efficiency.

Aerobic Respiration

Occurs in mitochondria, requires oxygen, and is the primary source of energy for exercise lasting longer than 10 minutes.
Pyruvate is oxidized to carbon dioxide, and energy is used to generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation.
38 net ATP are produced for each glucose molecule.
Triglycerides are also used for aerobic respiration and are the preferential fuel molecules for most skeletal muscle.

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Description

Discover the sources of energy for muscle contractions, including ATP, CP, muscle glycogen, lipids, and more. Learn about the mechanisms of ATP regeneration, like creatine phosphate metabolism and anaerobic systems.