Energy Sources in Muscle Contractions

<p>Amino acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quick source of energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be converted to glucose. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It occurs rapidly in the absence of oxygen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nutrient requirements adjusted for individual variations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic predisposition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More than 97.5% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sitting and performing cognitive tasks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Between 20-39 years of age and weighs 50 kg. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They work vigorously for several hours using multiple body parts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Availability of ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By phosphorylation, anaerobic, and aerobic metabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It generates ATP from ADP rapidly for short bursts of activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aerobic exercise uses sustained effort, anaerobic involves quick bursts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Within two minutes of exercise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weightlifting and sprinting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It requires oxygen to oxidize fuel molecules for energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Body weight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin A (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processed foods rich in salt, sugar, and fats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Six months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To support growth and development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Therapeutic diet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restrict intake to a minimum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Providing all nutrients in required amounts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50-60% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They protect the body from free radical damage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal tastes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of infections and allergies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Semi-fluid and soft (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children aged 1-2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development of the uterus and placenta (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>200 kcal/day (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibodies that protect against infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two portions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased physical activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoporosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colostrum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium-rich foods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nutrients the body uses to produce energy. These include carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Stored as glycogen in muscles and liver, broken down to glucose for energy, used in both anaerobic and aerobic conditions.

Stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue. Broken down to fatty acids for energy. Only used aerobically.

Used less for energy than carbs or fats. Can be broken down to amino acids to make glucose.

Uses oxygen to produce energy. Fat is the primary fuel for this system.

Doesn't require oxygen to make energy.

The storage form of glucose in the body, found in muscles and liver.

The storage form of fat in the body.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the primary energy source for all muscle contractions.

The ability to maintain ATP availability limits exercise capacity because ATP isn't stored in large amounts in skeletal muscle.

ATP can be generated through both anaerobic (without oxygen) and aerobic (with oxygen) pathways.

Phosphocreatine is a backup energy source that quickly generates ATP from ADP; this process powers muscles for about 10 seconds.

Aerobic activity uses oxygen to break down fuel for energy, like sustained running or walking.

Anaerobic activity, such as weightlifting or sprinting, happens without enough oxygen.

Aerobic respiration is the process of breaking down glucose to produce ATP when oxygen is available.

ATP is resynthesized from ADP in three ways: phosphorylation by phosphocreatine, anaerobic metabolism, and aerobic metabolism.

A process that produces energy quickly without oxygen.

A process that produces maximum energy using oxygen.

Recommended Dietary Allowance. Nutrients in food to meet daily needs for most individuals.

Age, sex, physical activity (sedentary, moderate, hard), physiological stress (pregnancy, lactation) influence daily nutrient needs.

Someone who works mainly using brain and hands, with little physical activity.

Someone who works vigorously for a few hours using many parts of the body.

A healthy woman aged 20-39, weighing 50 kg, with moderate activity.

A healthy man aged 20-39, weighing 60 kg, with moderate activity.

1 gram of protein per kilogram of body weight for adults.

Protein requirements vary with age.

Additional energy and protein are needed during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

RDA expressed per kg body weight for healthy infants.

Given in terms of retinol or beta-carotene.

Provides all necessary nutrients in the correct amounts and proportions.

Achieved by consuming a mix of food groups.

The amounts of food needed change with age, gender, health, and activity levels.

Around 50-60% of total calories should come from carbohydrates, preferably from complex carbohydrates.

Antioxidants such as vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, riboflavin and selenium protect the human body from free radical damage.

Phytochemicals are plant-based compounds that offer health benefits. Examples include polyphenols and flavones.

Nutritional needs vary depending on life stage (childhood, adulthood, etc.), medical conditions (diabetes, coeliac disease), and cultural factors (religious beliefs, vegetarianism).

The Department of Health recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months as it provides all the nutrients a baby needs.

Weaning should begin around 6 months to gradually introduce babies to a wide range of tastes and textures.

Teenagers need more calcium, phosphorus, iron, and protein for rapid growth and development.

Boys need more protein and energy, while girls need more iron to replace menstrual losses.

During pregnancy, especially in the last trimester, extra nutrients are required to support the growth of the uterus, placenta, and fetus, as well as to store nutrients for lactation.

The period after pregnancy when a mother produces breast milk to nourish her baby.

A healthy and varied diet, similar to the Eatwell Guide, is recommended for breastfeeding women.

A special type of breast milk produced in the first three days after birth, rich in antibodies and protein, and low in fat.

Older adults may need additional consideration for their nutritional needs due to factors like chewing difficulties, dental problems, and decreased senses of smell and taste.

Women lose bone strength gradually after menopause, which can lead to osteoporosis and increased fracture risk.

Older adults can help prevent osteoporosis by consuming plenty of calcium from sources like dairy products, leafy greens, and beans.

Older adults are encouraged to stay active and follow the Eatwell Guide to maintain overall health.