Energy Sources and Types Quiz

Energy Sources

• Energy is the ability to do work. It powers devices and machines.
• Sources include the sun, food we eat, and fuels like gasoline.
• Potential energy is stored energy of position or gravitational.
• Forms of potential energy include chemical, elastic, nuclear, gravitational potential, and kinetic energy.

Types of Energy

• Chemical Energy: Energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules (e.g., food, biomass, petroleum, natural gas).
• Elastic Energy: Energy stored in objects by the application of force (e.g., compressed springs, stretched rubber bands).
• Nuclear Energy: Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom (e.g., fission in nuclear power, fusion in the sun).
• Gravitational Potential Energy: Energy of position or place (e.g., water stored behind a dam for hydropower).
• Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion of waves, electrons, atoms, molecules, substances, and objects (e.g., wind).
• Electrical Energy: Movement of electrons (e.g., lightning, electricity in wires).
• Radiant Energy: Electromagnetic energy in transverse waves (e.g., visible light, X-rays, radio waves).
• Thermal Energy: Internal energy within substances, described as heat (e.g., geothermal energy, the vibration of atoms).
• Motion Energy (Mechanical Energy): Movement of objects and substances from one place to another (e.g., wind, flowing water).
• Sound Energy: Energy movement through substances in longitudinal waves. Sound is caused by vibrating objects or substances.

Non-Renewable Energy Sources

• Include coal, petroleum, natural gas, propane, and uranium.
• Used to generate electricity, heat houses, power cars, and manufacture goods.
• Fossil fuels are excellent energy sources for transportation and generation of electrical energy.

Fossil Fuels

• Coal, oil, and natural gas are important non-renewable energy sources.
• Key constituent is Carbon.

Coal

• Formed from decomposed plant matter under high temperature and pressure.
• Sual Power Station in the Philippines is the largest and most cost-effective coal-fired power station.
• Other plants include Pagbilao Power Station (735 MW) and Masinloc Power Plant (started operations in 1998).

Natural Gas

• Formed through thermogenic or organic thermal maturation.
• Organic matter (dead plants, microorganisms) accumulate in oxygen-depleted environments (swamps, seabeds)
• Forms when sediment builds up on top of these deposits, causing pressure and heat, hence chemical reactions that break down complex organic molecules to create simpler hydrocarbons, mainly methane (CH4).
• Composition: Primarily methane (CH4)
• Usage: Electricity generation, heating, industrial processes.
• Considered a cleaner-burning fuel than coal or oil, contributing less to greenhouse gas emissions.
• Important plants include Ilihan Power Plant and Santa Rita Combined- Cycle Natural Gas- Fired Power Plant.

Energy From The Atom - Nuclear Energy

• Released during nuclear reactions such as fission or fusion (involving the nucleus of an atom).
• Released energy is more concentrated than chemical reactions which makes it a powerful energy source.
• Nuclear reactions include:
• Nuclear Fission: Splitting the nucleus of a heavy atom (e.g. uranium-235 or plutonium-239) into two smaller nuclei that releases tremendous heat, light, and gamma radiation. This heat generates steam to power turbines for electricity.
• Nuclear Fusion: Combining light nuclei, such as hydrogen isotopes (deuterium and tritium). Powers the sun and stars. Has potential as a clean, limitless source but challenges in controlling fusion on Earth.

Renewable Energy

• Power generated from natural resources that renew themselves (e.g., sunlight, wind, water).
• Solar Energy: Harnessing sunlight using photovoltaic (PV) cells.
• Biomass: Energy from organic materials (wood, agricultural residues, waste) burned or processed.
• Hydropower: Electricity generated from water movement using dams and turbines.
• Wind Energy: Converting wind's kinetic energy into electricity using wind turbines.
• Wave Energy: Converting ocean wave motion to electrical energy using specialized devices.
• Geothermal Energy: Harnessing heat from the Earth's interior.

Oil and Gas Supply Chain

• A complex series of processes including extraction, transportation, production, refining, storage, distribution of oil and gas.
• Exploration: Identifying potential oil and gas reserves. (Geologists and engineers use seismic surveys and geological studies).
• Exploratory drilling: Verifying the presence of hydrocarbons once reserves are identified.
• Production: Extracting hydrocarbons from reservoirs.
• Transportation and distribution: Moving oil and gas via pipelines, tankers, or trucks. Transporting refined products to retail outlets, industrial users, and end-users.
• Refining and processing: Converting crude oil into usable products (e.g., gasoline, diesel, kerosene) via distillation, cracking, reforming.
• Storage and distribution centers: Holding products in tanks, coordinating distribution to retail.

Energy Considerations

• Energy supply and demand: Balance between available resources and required energy.
• National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP): Manages real-time data to balance supply and demand.
• Demand often peaks during the day and warmer months.
• Department of Energy (DOE): Supports energy efficiency through programs and public awareness campaigns.

Global Oil Market Dynamics

• Supply and demand: Prices rise with demand exceeding supply.
• Technological advancements: Innovations like shale oil extraction shift the market.
• Geopolitical events: Wars, natural disasters, economic changes impact prices.
• Reserves (proven, probable, possible): Classifications based on recovery certainty.
• Production rates and decline: Reservoirs have typical build-up, plateau, and decline stages.
• Types of wells: Exploration, appraisal, production, injection, and stratigraphic wells are used in various stages of oil and gas fields.

Exploration and Drilling Methods

• Surface Exploration Methods:
• Aerial surveying: Using airplanes with cameras to create topographical and geological maps of a specific area.
• Satellite surveying: Using satellites for large-scale observations, detecting formations, and monitoring changes.
• Geophysical surveys: Using methods like gravimetric (measuring gravity variations for geological structures) and seismic (producing controlled seismic waves to study subsurface formations, faults, and hydrocarbon reservoirs).
• Subsurface Exploration Methods:
• Rock cuttings, core samples, reservoir fluids, and well logs to further analyze potential reservoir characteristics. These direct examination methods help to determine the viability of hydrocarbons and how to efficiently extract them.

Additional Information Includes:

• Power Plants in the Philippines, such as Sual, Pagbilao, Masinloc, and Calaca
• Energy production types
• Types of Wells (onshore/offshore, vertical/directional, etc.)
• Global Crude Oil Production by Region: OECD, Middle East, Former Soviet Union, China, and Africa, between 1971- 2020.
• Oil reserves and production rates (proven, probable, possible).
• Hydrocarbon extraction mechanisms (Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary recovery).
• Renewable Energy sources like Solar, Biomass, Hydropower, Wind, Wave and Geothermal.
• Crude Oil Recovery Methods (water, gas, chemical).

Test your knowledge on various sources and types of energy, including potential and kinetic energy. This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of energy storage and transformation, as well as specific forms such as chemical, elastic, nuclear, and gravitational potential energy. Challenge yourself to understand how energy powers our world!