Energy Sources and Their Environmental Impact

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Which of the following energy sources contributes to air pollution by producing carbon dioxide?

Geothermal energy
Wind energy
Fossil fuels (correct)
Solar energy

Clean and renewable energy options produce carbon dioxide.

False (B)

What is kinetic energy?

Energy of heat
Energy of motion (correct)
Energy stored in bonds
Energy from chemical reactions

Thermal energy is not a form of kinetic energy.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

From what sources do fossil fuels get their original energy?

The Sun Signup and view all the answers

Fossil fuels are considered __________ energy sources because they are formed from plant material over time.

non-renewable Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a higher level of thermal energy in the context of particle arrangement?

A large number of small circles close together Signup and view all the answers

Match the following energy sources with their characteristics:

Wind energy = No carbon emissions and renewable Solar energy = Harnesses sunlight for power Hydroelectric energy = Uses flowing water to generate electricity Geothermal energy = Taps into Earth's heat for energy Signup and view all the answers

Thermal energy equals the kinetic energy of __________.

particles Signup and view all the answers

Match the diagrams with their thermal energy levels:

Diagram 1 = Higher level of thermal energy Diagram 2 = Lower level of thermal energy Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes photosynthesis?

It produces glucose and releases oxygen. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Cellular respiration is an endothermic reaction.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the reactants required for photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide, water, and energy from the sun Signup and view all the answers

In photosynthesis, plants convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into ________ and oxygen.

glucose Signup and view all the answers

Match the following processes with their descriptions:

Photosynthesis = Converts solar energy into chemical energy Cellular Respiration = Releases energy from glucose Endothermic = Absorbs heat Exothermic = Releases heat Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy change in an endothermic reaction?

Positive energy change indicating energy is gained (C) Signup and view all the answers

In an exothermic reaction, the products have more energy than the reactants.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is represented by a positive change in enthalpy ($ abla$H)?

Endothermic reaction Signup and view all the answers

In an exothermic reaction, energy is a _____ of the reaction.

product Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of reaction with its characteristic:

Endothermic = Heat enters the system Exothermic = Heat leaves the system Positive $ abla$H = Energy is absorbed Negative $ abla$H = Energy is released Signup and view all the answers

What does the first law of thermodynamics state?

Energy is transformed from one form to another. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Endothermic reactions result in the surroundings gaining energy.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for all life on Earth?

the Sun Signup and view all the answers

The process of photosynthesis converts __________ energy into chemical energy.

radiant Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Endothermic = System gains energy, surroundings lose energy Exothermic = System loses energy, surroundings gain energy Energy conversion = Transformation of energy from one form to another Efficiency = A measure of how much energy is usefully converted Signup and view all the answers

What are the products of a combustion reaction involving a hydrocarbon?

Carbon dioxide and water vapor (D) Signup and view all the answers

Combustion is an endothermic reaction.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of energy is associated with the energy stored in bonds?

Potential energy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the temperature of the surroundings if a system is gaining energy?

decrease Signup and view all the answers

Energy is released when breaking bonds in a substance.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction $CH_4(g) + 2O_2(g) \rightarrow CO_2(g) + 2H_2O(g) + \text{______}$

energy Signup and view all the answers

What does the variable 'c' represent in the formula $Q = mc riangle T$?

specific heat capacity Signup and view all the answers

In the formula $Q = mc riangle T$, the symbol $ riangle T$ represents the change in __________.

temperature Signup and view all the answers

Match the following variables with their meanings in the formula $Q = mc riangle T$:

Q = heat in Joules m = mass in grams c = specific heat capacity ΔT = change in temperature Signup and view all the answers

What does specific heat capacity measure?

The quantity of energy required to raise 1 g of a substance by 1°C (B) Signup and view all the answers

Water has a specific heat capacity of 4.19 J/g°C.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

How is the change in temperature (ΔT) calculated?

ΔT = Tf - Ti Signup and view all the answers

The energy formula is represented as Q = m * c * ______, where ΔT represents the change in temperature.

ΔT Signup and view all the answers

Match the values to their meanings:

m = mass of the substance in grams c = specific heat capacity in J/g°C ΔT = change in temperature in °C Q = amount of energy in joules Signup and view all the answers

Carbon-emitting energy sources

Energy sources like fossil fuels and natural gas that release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when burned.

Clean energy sources

Energy sources like wind, solar, hydroelectric, and geothermal that do not release carbon dioxide.

Fossil fuels

Energy sources formed from ancient plant material compressed over millions of years.

Solar energy

Energy that comes from the Sun and is captured by plants through photosynthesis and stored in their tissues.