Energy Resources Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of plate movement occurs when tectonic plates are moving towards one another?

  • Lateral
  • Divergent
  • Transform
  • Convergent (correct)

    • At what average rate do tectonic plates typically move each year?

  • Approximately 0.1 cm/yr
  • Approximately 1 to 10 cm/yr (correct)
  • Approximately 5 cm/yr
  • Approximately 15 cm/yr

    • Which of the following defines a divergent boundary?

  • Plates slide past each other horizontally
  • Plates move away from each other (correct)
  • Plates move towards each other
  • Plates collide and create mountains

    • What type of convergent boundary occurs between two oceanic plates?

    <p>Ocean-Ocean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of a lateral plate movement?

    <p>Horizontal sliding of tectonic plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does molten material contribute to sea-floor spreading?

    <p>It pushes older rock to either side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Cataclastic Metamorphism?

    <p>Mechanical deformation from fault sliding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of convergent boundary?

    <p>Plate-Plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tectonic movements represents the production of new plates?

    <p>Divergent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of metamorphism is primarily associated with high temperatures and hydrothermal fluids?

    <p>Hydrothermal Metamorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Earth's surface is made up of water?

    <p>71%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the movement of water from bodies, soil, and living things into the atmosphere?

    <p>Evapotranspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of metamorphism is the result of being buried to several hundred meters deep?

    <p>Burial Metamorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of surface water on Earth?

    <p>Reservoirs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process describes the movement of groundwater to the surface or oceans?

    <p>Groundwater flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of metamorphism involves stresses from extraterrestrial impacts or large volcanic eruptions?

    <p>Shock/Impact Metamorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does soil consist of?

    <p>Solid, liquid, and gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is primarily responsible for soil fertility?

    <p>Humus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does soil moisture affect plant growth?

    <p>By providing nutrients and moisture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the soil texture triangle help to identify?

    <p>Soil type based on composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the open spaces in the soil?

    <p>To hold gases like carbon dioxide and methane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of soil is concerned with the thickness of the soil layer?

    <p>Soil depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does soil texture influence in terms of soil properties?

    <p>Porosity, drainage, and permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is soil considered a semi non-renewable resource?

    <p>It takes a long time for water and nutrients to accumulate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is decompression melting primarily associated with?

    <p>Divergent boundaries where tectonic plates separate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the transfer of heat contribute to magma formation?

    <p>By cooling the intruding rock upon contact with the crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two processes are responsible for the creation of magma?

    <p>Decompression melting and heat transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does convection play in magma formation?

    <p>It causes the hot mantle material to rise to lower pressure areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which geological feature does decompression melting frequently occur?

    <p>Divergent boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of magma?

    <p>Liquid rock and gaseous elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do mantle plumes originate?

    <p>From Earth's high-pressure core to the crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to surrounding crust as liquid rock intrudes during magma formation?

    <p>It loses heat and solidifies around the magma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of erosion in soil management?

    <p>Removal of plants and trees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is characterized by the extreme degradation of productive land in arid and semi-arid areas?

    <p>Desertification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during soil acidification?

    <p>Concentration of acidic cations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a direct effect of salinization on soil quality?

    <p>Build-up of salt on the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heavy metal contamination in soil primarily affects which aspect of plant physiology?

    <p>Nutrient absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a result of excessive nitrogen and phosphorous in soil?

    <p>Eutrophication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of deforestation on soil quality?

    <p>Accelerated soil erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by the accumulation of toxic cations in the soil?

    <p>Heavy metal contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines non-renewable energy?

    <p>Energy that will run out or be replenished over a human lifetime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily composes natural gas?

    <p>Methane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process converts crude oil into usable fuels?

    <p>Fractional distillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of coal as a fossil fuel?

    <p>It is a solid and mostly made up of carbons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy source utilizes the movement of water to generate electricity?

    <p>Hydroelectric energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential requirement for generating nuclear energy?

    <p>Splitting of atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following energy sources is categorized as a renewable energy?

    <p>Wind energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the key processes in the formation of coal?

    <p>Pressure from layers of sediment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fossil fuel is specifically used in making materials like asphalt?

    <p>Crude oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is geothermal energy primarily derived from?

    <p>Heat from the Earth's crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is mechanical energy created from heat energy in the electricity generation process?

    <p>Through steam that moves turbines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of coal has the highest carbon content?

    <p>Anthracite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of energy generation primarily relies on the recent decay of organisms?

    <p>Biofuel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main environmental concern associated with fossil fuels?

    <p>Their contribution to air pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Energy Resources

    • Energy is the ability to do work and exists in various forms
    • Non-renewable energy sources are those that will run out in a lifetime
    • Fossil fuels are formed from fossilized remains of plants and animals, rich in carbon
      • Oil (petroleum): mined, transported, and refined into usable fuels (gasoline, propane, kerosene)
      • Crude oil is a fossil fuel made from hydrocarbon chains, used to produce diesel, asphalt, and kerosene
      • Natural gas: composed mostly of methane, used as fuel for chemicals
      • Coal: solid, composed of carbons, a hard, black, flammable rock, used as a solid fossil fuel
    • Nuclear energy is a non-renewable energy, generating electricity from splitting atoms

    How Coal Formed

    • Before the dinosaurs, giant plants died in swamps
    • Over millions of years, plants were buried under water & dirt
    • Pressure and heat turned plants into coal

    Renewable/Alternative Energy

    • Energy sources not based on fossil fuels or atomic reactions
    • Solar energy, biofuel, hydroelectric, geothermal, and wind energy
    • Renewable energy sources are becoming more common, but they depend on the pace of technological advancement to be fully replaced by alternative sources.

    Environmental Concerns

    • Fossil fuels cause air and water pollution and CO2 emissions, which are dangerous to the environment
    • Fossil fuels are being slowly replaced by renewable options, depending on the pace of technological advancements

    Geomorphic Processes

    • Physical processes that create and modify landforms on the Earth’s surface
    • Endogenic (internal) processes vs Exogenic (external) processes
    • Exogenic processes involve weathering, erosion, mass wasting, and transportation; these processes continually modify the Earth's surface
    • Exogenic processes modify relief from above including weathering and mass wasting affecting the Earth's surface

    Weathering

    • Disintegration and decomposition of rocks at or near their original location
    • Produces regolith (loose material)

    Mass Wasting

    • Downslope movement of rock, soil, and other debris due to gravity
    • Factors affecting movement include slope, speed, the type and nature of materials involved, water, and soil/material

    Soil

    • Consists of mineral grains and organic components
    • Supports plant growth and contains critical nutrients
    • Soil includes four main characteristics: depth, texture, structure, and organic matter
    • Soil profile contains layers from the surface called soil horizons

    Waste Management

    • Waste is any material, substance, or byproduct no longer needed from a process
      • Municipal solid waste is from households, businesses, and commercial sites
      • Industrial waste is from manufacturing processes
      • Agricultural waste is from crop processes and residues
      • Hazardous waste comes from many sources, including industrial and agricultural processes
    • Waste management involves various methods to control waste processes: discarding, destroying, processing, recycling, and reusing
    • The prime objective of waste management is to reduce the amount of dangerous material and to avoid health and environmental problems

    Plate Tectonics

    • Segments of the Earth's crust, floating on a partially molten layer
    • Interactions of plates cause earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building;
    • Plates move at different and possibly average rates: north Atlantic 1cm/yr and Pacific 4cm/yr
    • Major plate interactions include convergent, divergent and lateral (strike slip)

    Magma and its Formation

    • Molten or semi-molten rock mixture under Earth's surface, often composed of four parts: hot liquid base (melt); minerals from the melt; solid rocks from the surrounding areas; and dissolved gases
    • Magma formation can involve decompression melting, where pressure reduction allows melting, or flux melting, where water or carbon dioxide is added to the rock
    • Transfer of heat can also create magma when heat from magma infiltrates the cold crust

    Metamorphism

    • Changes in composition and structure of rocks from heat, pressure, or other natural causes
    • Types include contact, cataclastic, hydrothermal, regional, and burial
    • Processes by which rocks are changed through intense heat and pressure from extreme conditions and surroundings

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on various energy resources, including renewable and non-renewable types. Explore the formation of fossil fuels, the role of nuclear energy, and the processes behind coal formation. Determine your understanding of how different energy sources impact our world.

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