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Questions and Answers
Energy is defined as the capacity to do ______.
Energy is defined as the capacity to do ______.
work
A renewable resource can be replenished or regenerated on a ______ time scale.
A renewable resource can be replenished or regenerated on a ______ time scale.
human
Fossil fuels are considered ______ due to the millions of years required for their formation.
Fossil fuels are considered ______ due to the millions of years required for their formation.
nonrenewable
Coal is a black, combustible rock made up of ______, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and varying amounts of sulfur.
Coal is a black, combustible rock made up of ______, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and varying amounts of sulfur.
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The term 'petroleum' comes from Latin: petra (rock) and ________ (oil).
The term 'petroleum' comes from Latin: petra (rock) and ________ (oil).
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Natural gas is primarily composed of ______.
Natural gas is primarily composed of ______.
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Fossil fuels are abundant and have a lower cost of production compared to other ______.
Fossil fuels are abundant and have a lower cost of production compared to other ______.
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Millions of years ago, dead plant matter decayed in swampy waters, forming a thick layer of ______.
Millions of years ago, dead plant matter decayed in swampy waters, forming a thick layer of ______.
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It is considered Earth's cleanest fossil fuel, odorless and colorless in its natural state, known as ______.
It is considered Earth's cleanest fossil fuel, odorless and colorless in its natural state, known as ______.
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Dead plants and animals accumulate on land and at sea, leading to the formation of ______.
Dead plants and animals accumulate on land and at sea, leading to the formation of ______.
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Microorganisms decompose organic material into organic compounds called ______.
Microorganisms decompose organic material into organic compounds called ______.
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Hydroelectric energy is created by harnessing the power of ______.
Hydroelectric energy is created by harnessing the power of ______.
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The kinetic energy of a flowing river is captured and converted into ______ energy behind a dam.
The kinetic energy of a flowing river is captured and converted into ______ energy behind a dam.
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The first hydroelectric power scheme, developed by William George Armstrong, was used to power a single ______.
The first hydroelectric power scheme, developed by William George Armstrong, was used to power a single ______.
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To generate electricity, water flows through a channel, spins a ______, and powers a generator.
To generate electricity, water flows through a channel, spins a ______, and powers a generator.
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Over millions of years, enormous heat and pressure convert the remains of tiny sea plants and animals into ______.
Over millions of years, enormous heat and pressure convert the remains of tiny sea plants and animals into ______.
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A ______ creates a large waterfall and stores enough water to supply the hydropower plant at all times.
A ______ creates a large waterfall and stores enough water to supply the hydropower plant at all times.
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The ______ channels water from the reservoir to the turbines.
The ______ channels water from the reservoir to the turbines.
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The ______ houses the turbines driven by the waterfall and the generator powered by the turbines.
The ______ houses the turbines driven by the waterfall and the generator powered by the turbines.
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An ______ facility uses a dam to store water and then releases it to generate electricity.
An ______ facility uses a dam to store water and then releases it to generate electricity.
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Hydropower is considered a ______ resource, meaning it will not be depleted as long as rivers flow.
Hydropower is considered a ______ resource, meaning it will not be depleted as long as rivers flow.
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One drawback of hydropower is the ______ of land for reservoirs, which can harm ecosystems.
One drawback of hydropower is the ______ of land for reservoirs, which can harm ecosystems.
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Fish ladders help fish to 'jump' up a dam, but their effectiveness is limited, especially on ______ dams.
Fish ladders help fish to 'jump' up a dam, but their effectiveness is limited, especially on ______ dams.
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The Binga Hydropower Plant is located on the upper reaches of the ______ River in the Philippines.
The Binga Hydropower Plant is located on the upper reaches of the ______ River in the Philippines.
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Rivers have great potential for generating ______ energy.
Rivers have great potential for generating ______ energy.
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Water is considered one of the world's most expensive ______.
Water is considered one of the world's most expensive ______.
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Groundwater is found underground in the cracks and spaces in ______, sand, and rock.
Groundwater is found underground in the cracks and spaces in ______, sand, and rock.
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An ______ is a body of rock and sediment saturated with water.
An ______ is a body of rock and sediment saturated with water.
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Surface water is found on the Earth's surface in lakes, rivers, and ______.
Surface water is found on the Earth's surface in lakes, rivers, and ______.
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The ______ zone is where all pores and rock fractures are filled with water.
The ______ zone is where all pores and rock fractures are filled with water.
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Human activities can disturb the natural ______ cycle by diverting land use.
Human activities can disturb the natural ______ cycle by diverting land use.
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Medical water is purified water for medical procedures and ______ use.
Medical water is purified water for medical procedures and ______ use.
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Study Notes
Classifications
- Renewable resources can be replenished or regenerated on a human timescale.
- Examples include geothermal, hydro, wind, solar, and biomass.
- Nonrenewable resources cannot be replenished or regenerated on a human timescale.
- Examples include nuclear energy and fossil fuels.
Energy Resources
- Energy is the capacity to do work.
- A resource is an item used for a specific purpose.
- Energy sources include nuclear energy, fossil fuels, geothermal energy, hydro energy, wind energy, solar energy, and biomass.
Renewable Resources
- A renewable resource can be replenished or regenerated on a human time scale.
- Examples include geothermal energy, hydro energy, wind energy, solar energy, and biomass.
Nonrenewable Resources
- A nonrenewable resource cannot be replenished or regenerated on a human timescale.
- Examples include nuclear energy and fossil fuels.
Fossil Fuels
- Fossil fuels are the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago.
- They are the world's primary energy source, supporting transportation, electricity, and industries.
- Fossil fuels are abundant and have a lower cost of production compared to other energy resources.
- Fossil fuels are considered nonrenewable due to the millions of years required for their formation.
- Types of fossil fuels: Coal, Oil (Petroleum), Natural Gas.
Coal
- Coal is a black, combustible rock made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and varying amounts of sulfur.
- Coal formation starts in a swamp near a sedimentary basin.
- Natural phenomena raise water levels, covering vegetation.
- Plant debris accumulates and is buried under mud and sand.
- Sedimentation layers slow decomposition, building pressure and heat, gradually converting plant debris into coal.
- Coal is found deep underground or near the surface.
Petroleum (Oil)
- Petroleum comes from Latin: petra (rock) and oleum (oil).
- It is a naturally occurring liquid of complex hydrocarbons.
- Found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface.
- Derived from large quantities of algae and plankton.
Natural Gas
- Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture, primarily composed of methane.
- It is considered Earth's cleanest fossil fuel, odorless and colorless in its natural state.
- Produced from sedimentary rock formations through a process that forces chemicals, water, and sand into a well under high pressure.
Oil and Natural Gas Formation
- Dead plants and animals accumulate on land and at sea, sink to sea or lake floors, and mix with dirt and microorganisms.
- Over millions of years, the accumulated organic material decomposes by microorganisms into organic compounds called kerogen.
- Rocks rich in kerogen are known as source rocks.
- Heat and pressure transform kerogen into oil and natural gas.
- Oil and natural gas migrate and accumulate under specific conditions: beneath a dome-shaped, dense cap rock layer and in a porous reservoir rock, where they are trapped.
Hydropower
- Tiny sea plants and animals were buried on the ocean floor.
- Over time, sediment and rock layers covered the remains.
- Enormous heat and pressure converted the remains into oil and gas over millions of years.
- History: By the 1700s, water mills were used for pumping irrigation water and milling lumber and grain. The Industrial Revolution drove the development of hydroelectric energy production methods.
- William George Armstrong developed the first hydroelectric power scheme in 1878.
- Hydroelectric energy is created by harnessing the power of moving water, usually by restricting water flow to specific areas.
- Hydropower plants use dams to create large waterfalls and store water to consistently supply the plant.
- Penstocks channel water from the reservoir to the turbines, which spin to power a generator.
Types of Hydropower Plants
- Impoundment Facility: Uses a dam to store water, then releases it to generate electricity.
- Diversion/Run-of-River Facility: Redirects river water through a small dam into pipes to a penstock station, channeling it downhill.
- Pumped Storage: Combines a small storage reservoir with a cycling water system to return water to the reservoir after running through the turbine.
Benefits of Hydropower
- Low operating costs because it doesn't require raw materials, relatively high initial costs.
- Less greenhouse gas emissions than burning fossil fuels.
- A renewable resource, so it won't run out.
- Many other uses beyond electricity generation, such as storage reservoirs
Drawbacks of Hydropower
- Flooding land for reservoirs which destroys local wildlife habitats and displaces villages.
- Reduces the natural migration pathways for species such as fish.
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Description
This quiz explores the concepts of renewable and nonrenewable energy resources. It covers various energy types, their characteristics, and examples. Test your knowledge on how these resources impact our environment and sustainability efforts.
