Questions and Answers
What percentage of global electricity generation is powered by coal?
Mountaintop removal mining is a method of extracting coal from ______________________ .
mountain tops
What is the primary use of petroleum in terms of energy production?
Transportation (95% globally)
Surface mining is a method of extracting coal from deep deposits.
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What is a major environmental impact of coal mining?
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Crude oil and natural gas are extracted from source rocks through the process of sedimentation.
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Match the following energy sources with their formation processes:
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What is the purpose of washing coal in the refining process?
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Crude oil is separated into various fractions, including ______________________ , diesel, and jet fuel.
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Study Notes
Energy Producing
- Coal:
- Primary source of energy for electricity generation (40% globally)
- Used in industrial processes, such as steel production and cement manufacturing
- Can be converted into various energy products, including synthetic fuels and chemicals
- Petroleum:
- Primary source of energy for transportation (95% globally)
- Used as feedstock for various petrochemicals, such as plastics and fertilizers
- Generates electricity and provides energy for industrial processes
Extraction Methods
- Coal:
- Surface mining: extracting coal from shallow deposits
- Underground mining: extracting coal from deep deposits
- Mountaintop removal mining: extracting coal from mountain tops
- Petroleum:
- Onshore drilling: extracting oil and natural gas from land-based wells
- Offshore drilling: extracting oil and natural gas from ocean-based wells
- Hydraulic fracturing (fracking): extracting oil and natural gas from shale formations
Environmental Impacts
- Coal:
- Air pollution: SO2, NOx, and particulate matter emissions
- Water pollution: acid mine drainage and heavy metal contamination
- Land degradation: strip mining and mountaintop removal mining
- Petroleum:
- Oil spills: environmental damage and wildlife harm
- Air pollution: CO2, NOx, and particulate matter emissions
- Water pollution: oil and chemical contamination
Formation Process
- Coal:
- Formed from ancient plant remains (peat, lignite, bituminous coal)
- Undergoes metamorphism due to heat and pressure
- Rank of coal increases with increasing carbon content
- Petroleum:
- Formed from ancient marine organisms (plankton, algae)
- Undergoes sedimentation, diagenesis, and maturation
- Crude oil and natural gas are extracted from source rocks
Refining Processes
- Coal:
- Washing: removing impurities and increasing energy content
- Crushing and screening: preparing coal for use
- Briquetting: forming coal into compact, uniform shapes
- Petroleum:
- Separation: separating crude oil into various fractions (gasoline, diesel, jet fuel)
- Cracking: breaking down complex hydrocarbons into simpler molecules
- Reforming: converting petroleum into high-octane fuels and petrochemicals
Energy Producing
- Coal is the primary source of energy for electricity generation, accounting for 40% globally, and is also used in industrial processes like steel production and cement manufacturing.
- Petroleum is the primary source of energy for transportation, accounting for 95% globally, and is used as feedstock for various petrochemicals like plastics and fertilizers.
Extraction Methods
- Surface mining is used to extract coal from shallow deposits, while underground mining is used for deep deposits, and mountaintop removal mining extracts coal from mountain tops.
- Onshore drilling extracts oil and natural gas from land-based wells, offshore drilling extracts from ocean-based wells, and hydraulic fracturing (fracking) extracts from shale formations.
Environmental Impacts
- Coal mining and burning cause air pollution through SO2, NOx, and particulate matter emissions, water pollution through acid mine drainage and heavy metal contamination, and land degradation through strip mining and mountaintop removal mining.
- Oil spills from petroleum extraction cause environmental damage and harm wildlife, while air pollution comes from CO2, NOx, and particulate matter emissions, and water pollution comes from oil and chemical contamination.
Formation Process
- Coal forms from ancient plant remains (peat, lignite, bituminous coal) that undergo metamorphism due to heat and pressure, resulting in increasing carbon content and rank.
- Petroleum forms from ancient marine organisms (plankton, algae) that undergo sedimentation, diagenesis, and maturation, resulting in crude oil and natural gas that can be extracted from source rocks.
Refining Processes
- Coal is refined through washing to remove impurities and increase energy content, crushing and screening to prepare it for use, and briquetting to form it into compact shapes.
- Petroleum is refined through separation into various fractions (gasoline, diesel, jet fuel), cracking to break down complex hydrocarbons, and reforming to convert it into high-octane fuels and petrochemicals.
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Description
This quiz covers the uses and applications of coal and petroleum as energy sources, including electricity generation, industrial processes, and transportation.
