Energy in Metabolism Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

  • To provide structural support to the cell
  • To produce ATP for cellular respiration
  • To store energy in the form of glycogen
  • To act as a selective barrier (correct)

    • Why do plants primarily store energy as starch?

  • To utilize amylose and amylopectin for energy production (correct)
  • Because starch is easily converted into muscle ATP
  • Because starch is more efficient for energy storage in animals
  • To transport glucose efficiently within plant cells

    • What type of fuel would be primarily used by an athlete competing in a 100m sprint?

  • CO2 and heat
  • Muscle ATP and glycogen (correct)
  • Amino acids
  • Fatty acids

    • Why do animals like humans store energy as glycogen instead of starch like plants?

    <p>Glycogen is more readily available for quick energy release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mitochondria in cells?

    <p>To generate ATP through cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do proteins contribute to the function of the cell membrane?

    <p>By acting as a selective barrier and allowing compounds to pass through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

    <p>They have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property allows membrane barriers to be selectively permeable?

    <p>They have fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules are transported through the membrane using transport proteins?

    <p>Polar molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in cells?

    <p>Forming transport proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infectious disease is caused by a coronavirus?

    <p>COVID-19</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is energy essential for living organisms?

    <p>To drive metabolic processes and perform work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ATP in cells?

    <p>To power cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main requirements for an ideal fuel molecule?

    <p>High energy density, compact storage, and easy conversion to useful forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of macromolecule is the primary energy store in the human body?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are lipids preferred over carbohydrates as energy storage molecules?

    <p>Lipids have a higher energy density than carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the role of enzymes in metabolism?

    <p>Enzymes help speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

    <p>Joining Okazaki fragments together into a continuous strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing short RNA primers during DNA replication?

    <p>Primase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Okazaki fragments in DNA replication?

    <p>Serve as templates for new DNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the replication of viral genetic material within a host cell?

    <p>Replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does PCR stand for in molecular biology techniques?

    <p>Polymerase Chain Reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is essential for the initiation of DNA replication by unwinding the double helix?

    <p>Helicase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing short RNA primers during DNA replication?

    <p>Primase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During DNA replication, which strand contains Okazaki fragments?

    <p>Lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do viruses replicate their genetic material?

    <p>They use enzymes from the host cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA Polymerase in DNA replication?

    <p>It synthesizes new DNA strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is PCR and what is it used for?

    <p>PCR is a method used to amplify specific DNA sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme is primarily responsible for the synthesis of RNA primers during DNA replication?

    <p>Primase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the replication of an enveloped RNA virus?

    <p>It produces a single-stranded RNA genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?

    <p>Amplifying DNA without the need for many enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does PCR help in testing for Coronavirus?

    <p>By amplifying DNA without needing many enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Okazaki fragments in DNA replication?

    <p>To form the lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a difference between DNA replication and the replication of an enveloped RNA virus?

    <p>DNA replication involves Okazaki fragments, while RNA virus replication does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of making an RNA copy of a DNA sequence called?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which experimental technique is used to make multiple copies of a specific DNA segment?

    <p>Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

    <p>Creating a complementary DNA strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding genetic mutations?

    <p>Mutations can affect protein structure and function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central dogma of molecular biology that describes the flow of genetic information?

    <p>DNA Replication Transcription Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which RNA is synthesized from DNA called?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of gene expression, what does the term 'elongation' refer to?

    <p>The addition of RNA nucleotides by RNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the RNA molecule provides the template for protein synthesis during translation?

    <p>Start codon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does RNA polymerase play in the process of gene expression?

    <p>Adds RNA nucleotides during transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in eukaryotic cells is primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins based on mRNA instructions?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist(s) discovered that DNA is the genetic material?

    <p>Oswald Avery, Maclyn McCarty &amp; Colin MacLeod</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which experiment proved that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material?

    <p>Hershey-Chase Experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central dogma of biology?

    <p>Transcription and translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How were the complementary base pairs in DNA discovered?

    <p>By studying the base ratio of different species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?

    <p>To synthesize mRNA using DNA as a template</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for DNA replication?

    <p>DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

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