Energy in Metabolism Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

  • To provide structural support to the cell
  • To produce ATP for cellular respiration
  • To store energy in the form of glycogen
  • To act as a selective barrier (correct)

Why do plants primarily store energy as starch?

  • To utilize amylose and amylopectin for energy production (correct)
  • Because starch is easily converted into muscle ATP
  • Because starch is more efficient for energy storage in animals
  • To transport glucose efficiently within plant cells

What type of fuel would be primarily used by an athlete competing in a 100m sprint?

  • CO2 and heat
  • Muscle ATP and glycogen (correct)
  • Amino acids
  • Fatty acids

Why do animals like humans store energy as glycogen instead of starch like plants?

<p>Glycogen is more readily available for quick energy release (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mitochondria in cells?

<p>To generate ATP through cellular respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do proteins contribute to the function of the cell membrane?

<p>By acting as a selective barrier and allowing compounds to pass through (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

<p>They have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property allows membrane barriers to be selectively permeable?

<p>They have fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules are transported through the membrane using transport proteins?

<p>Polar molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in cells?

<p>Forming transport proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which infectious disease is caused by a coronavirus?

<p>COVID-19 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is energy essential for living organisms?

<p>To drive metabolic processes and perform work (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ATP in cells?

<p>To power cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main requirements for an ideal fuel molecule?

<p>High energy density, compact storage, and easy conversion to useful forms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of macromolecule is the primary energy store in the human body?

<p>Lipids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are lipids preferred over carbohydrates as energy storage molecules?

<p>Lipids have a higher energy density than carbohydrates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the role of enzymes in metabolism?

<p>Enzymes help speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

<p>Joining Okazaki fragments together into a continuous strand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing short RNA primers during DNA replication?

<p>Primase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Okazaki fragments in DNA replication?

<p>Serve as templates for new DNA synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the replication of viral genetic material within a host cell?

<p>Replication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does PCR stand for in molecular biology techniques?

<p>Polymerase Chain Reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is essential for the initiation of DNA replication by unwinding the double helix?

<p>Helicase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing short RNA primers during DNA replication?

<p>Primase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During DNA replication, which strand contains Okazaki fragments?

<p>Lagging strand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do viruses replicate their genetic material?

<p>They use enzymes from the host cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of DNA Polymerase in DNA replication?

<p>It synthesizes new DNA strands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is PCR and what is it used for?

<p>PCR is a method used to amplify specific DNA sequences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is primarily responsible for the synthesis of RNA primers during DNA replication?

<p>Primase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the replication of an enveloped RNA virus?

<p>It produces a single-stranded RNA genome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?

<p>Amplifying DNA without the need for many enzymes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does PCR help in testing for Coronavirus?

<p>By amplifying DNA without needing many enzymes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Okazaki fragments in DNA replication?

<p>To form the lagging strand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a difference between DNA replication and the replication of an enveloped RNA virus?

<p>DNA replication involves Okazaki fragments, while RNA virus replication does not (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of making an RNA copy of a DNA sequence called?

<p>Transcription (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which experimental technique is used to make multiple copies of a specific DNA segment?

<p>Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template?

<p>Translation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the enzyme DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

<p>Creating a complementary DNA strand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding genetic mutations?

<p>Mutations can affect protein structure and function. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central dogma of molecular biology that describes the flow of genetic information?

<p>DNA Replication Transcription Translation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which RNA is synthesized from DNA called?

<p>Transcription (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of gene expression, what does the term 'elongation' refer to?

<p>The addition of RNA nucleotides by RNA polymerase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the RNA molecule provides the template for protein synthesis during translation?

<p>Start codon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does RNA polymerase play in the process of gene expression?

<p>Adds RNA nucleotides during transcription (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in eukaryotic cells is primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins based on mRNA instructions?

<p>Ribosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist(s) discovered that DNA is the genetic material?

<p>Oswald Avery, Maclyn McCarty &amp; Colin MacLeod (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which experiment proved that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material?

<p>Hershey-Chase Experiment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central dogma of biology?

<p>Transcription and translation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How were the complementary base pairs in DNA discovered?

<p>By studying the base ratio of different species (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?

<p>To synthesize mRNA using DNA as a template (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for DNA replication?

<p>DNA polymerase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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