Energy Effective Lighting Strategies

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Questions and Answers

What is the main contributing factor to the total cost of lighting installations over time?

  • Energy consumption costs (correct)
  • Maintenance costs
  • Installation costs
  • Initial capital costs

Which payback period is typically expected from proper energy management in lighting installation?

  • Less than one year
  • One to three years (correct)
  • Three to five years
  • Over five years

What must be considered when choosing the appropriate light source for energy efficiency?

  • The lumen per watt output (correct)
  • The aesthetic appeal of the fixtures
  • The dimensional requirements of the luminaires
  • The color temperature of the light

Which type of fluorescent tube is mentioned as having a higher light output?

<p>Triphosphor tubes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect must not be compromised to ensure productivity under lighting systems?

<p>Quality of light (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the light output ratio (LOR) of luminaires need to be?

<p>Adequate for the task at hand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should NOT be a consideration when evaluating a light source?

<p>Consumer preference for color (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to properly manage energy in lighting systems?

<p>To reduce long-term energy costs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which modern light source is known for its energy efficiency?

<p>T5 lamps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor should always be maintained to ensure safety in lighting installations?

<p>Safety factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the entrance switch in lighting design?

<p>To provide background lighting only (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended number of light switches for open plan offices?

<p>One switch per 100m2 of space (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should automatic 'on' light switching systems be avoided?

<p>They waste energy by activating without occupants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be installed in offices that are frequently unoccupied?

<p>Occupancy detectors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of timer switching in rooms like stores?

<p>Turns off lights automatically based on a timer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should circuit arrangements handle daylight in lighting design?

<p>By utilizing photocell technology for automatic switching (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when choosing occupancy detectors?

<p>Their sensitivity to detect small movements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of luminaires should lighting design allow for?

<p>Variation in tasks and occupancy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of having only local switches in a large office space?

<p>Inefficient lighting in shared spaces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is imperative for after-hours lighting control?

<p>Convenient local switches for override (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum recommended daylight linking relative to window height?

<p>1.5 times the window height (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ballast can increase the light output of a standard tube by up to 10%?

<p>High frequency non-dimmable ballast (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of using high frequency electronic ballasts over iron core ones?

<p>Better quality of light (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dimming strategy compensates for both over-design and daylight?

<p>Wave chopping dimming (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential technical issue must be considered when selecting dimming equipment?

<p>Harmonic distortion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the important steps for cost-effective energy-efficient lighting?

<p>Installing ceiling fans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why must careful consideration be given to blinds on windows when designing lighting?

<p>To integrate with daylight control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which energy-saving dimming system is specifically mentioned as being available?

<p>High frequency electronic dimmable ballasts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the designer concerning electronic ballasts?

<p>To select an appropriate ballast for low energy losses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a downside of wave chopping dimming equipment when used in lighting systems?

<p>Withdrawal of lamp life warranties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of designing a lighting system to maintain recommended light levels?

<p>To reduce the number of luminaires needed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does age affect the lumen output of lamps in a lighting system?

<p>Lumen output decreases with age (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main advantages of proper maintenance of luminaires?

<p>It lowers the capital costs of new buildings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of using a simple multi-gang switch plate in a commercial office setting?

<p>Energy waste occurs when all lights are activated unnecessarily (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended maintenance procedure for luminaires in Graph B?

<p>Cleaning luminaires annually and changing lamps every two years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of using a higher maintenance factor in lighting design?

<p>Results in fewer luminaires for the same task illuminance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is regular maintenance of a lighting system important?

<p>It prevents dust accumulation which can lower efficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of light switching system is considered efficient in energy management?

<p>Automatic switching systems tailored to occupancy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the IS:3646 (Pt.II) primarily focus on in a lighting design context?

<p>Recommended light levels for specific tasks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of over-design in lighting systems?

<p>Leads to unnecessary energy consumption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical factor in ensuring lower energy costs in new buildings concerning lighting?

<p>Implementing effective maintenance procedures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should lamps be changed according to the maintenance procedures in Graph B?

<p>Every two years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is identified as a significant disadvantage of a simple multi-gang switch plate in commercial offices?

<p>It leads to all lights being switched on unnecessarily. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What maintenance factor can lead to the installation of fewer luminaires in a lighting design?

<p>Ensuring timely lamp changes and cleaning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of lighting systems does the IS:3646 (Pt.II) emphasize for effective design?

<p>Maintaining recommended light levels throughout installation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does regular maintenance have on the lumen output of lamps?

<p>It keeps lumen output steady despite aging. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of implementing appropriate light switching in lighting energy management?

<p>It leads to substantial energy savings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common issue arises from the failure to maintain luminaires regularly?

<p>Higher energy waste due to dirt accumulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is essential for minimizing excess in lighting system design?

<p>Careful evaluation of illumination requirements for tasks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can office grid layouts affect lighting designs?

<p>They restrict proper luminaire placements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary disadvantage of using automatic 'on' light switching systems in office environments?

<p>They can lead to energy wastage when lights are activated in empty spaces. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach should be implemented to optimize energy savings in rarely used rooms?

<p>Use occupancy detectors to manage lighting based on presence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended placement ratio of light switches in open plan offices?

<p>One switch for every 100m2. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial feature of occupancy detectors installed in offices?

<p>They must be sensitive enough to detect minor movements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to have local switches for after-hours override?

<p>To allow occupants to manually control lighting as needed after hours. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lighting approach is recommended to manage natural light in perimeter areas of a building?

<p>Establish circuits that allow individual control of outer row luminaires. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor when setting timers for lights in rooms like stores?

<p>Correctly adjusting the time delay on the timer is essential. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical aspect to consider when selecting luminaires for a lighting installation besides energy efficiency?

<p>Their aesthetic and dimensional compatibility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the design of luminaire wiring?

<p>Allowing for variations in task requirements and occupancy levels. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technology is suggested for compensating natural lighting in building designs?

<p>Photocell technology for automatic switching. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature of lighting sources directly affects the total energy consumption over time in a lighting installation?

<p>The lifecycle lumens per watt output (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To enhance energy efficiency, what type of fluorescent tubes should be preferred according to their performance characteristics?

<p>Triphosphor tubes with increased light output (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects is essential to ensure productivity in workspaces affected by lighting systems?

<p>Optimizing the relationship between light quality and user comfort (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of analyzing the energy management structure in a lighting system?

<p>To shift the cost structure favorably toward lower running costs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when designing a lighting installation to enhance safety and efficiency?

<p>Overemphasizing aesthetic design over function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant benefit of using T5 lamps in lighting design?

<p>Longer lifespan and better energy efficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor should be monitored closely to ensure effective lighting in diverse environments?

<p>Potential glare and mounting height ratios (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is careful consideration of light sources' performance characteristics vital in energy-efficient lighting design?

<p>It directly influences light output and energy consumption rates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the choice of light source affect the long-term running costs of a lighting system?

<p>It influences energy consumption and overall efficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific benefit do high frequency (HF) dimmable ballasts provide over standard non-dimmable ballasts?

<p>They can provide additional energy savings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors should be addressed when selecting dimming equipment?

<p>Withdrawal of lamp life warranties. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended action for improving energy efficiency in lighting systems when over-design is unavoidable?

<p>Implement a dimming system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of hybrid lighting strategies, which is a key consideration when using daylight control?

<p>Orientation of the building. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for choosing high frequency electronic ballasts in a lighting system?

<p>To prevent annoying flickering and stroboscopic effects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What maximum ratio of daylight linking to window height is suggested for effective implementation?

<p>1.5 times (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ballast might lead to a lower overall energy consumption in a lighting system?

<p>High frequency electronic ballasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which maintenance practice is crucial for the effectiveness of luminaires in energy-efficient lighting?

<p>Implementing regular cleaning procedures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of lighting design should be considered to incorporate energy efficiency while using presence detectors?

<p>The layout of the workspaces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To ensure the best quality of light is achieved while using electronic ballasts, which characteristic is especially important?

<p>Minimization of stroboscopic effects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Energy-efficient lighting

Lighting systems that minimize energy consumption while maintaining adequate light levels and quality.

Lighting installation purpose

To provide the correct light quantity and quality needed for tasks, supporting productivity and safety.

Lumen per watt

A measure of light output per unit of energy consumed (efficiency).

Illuminance level

The amount of light falling on a surface, crucial for task performance.

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Glare requirements

Preventing excessive brightness that hinders visibility.

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Light source choice

Carefully selecting the most efficient light source based on task requirements and efficiency.

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Triphosphor tubes

Fluorescent tubes with higher light output and improved lifespan than standard tubes.

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T5 lamps

Modern, energy-efficient fluorescent lamps.

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Light output ratio (LOR)

Ratio of light emitted by a luminaire to the light emitted by the light source.

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Energy cost

Primary cost factor in lighting systems.

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Lighting System Design

Designing a lighting system to maintain required light levels throughout its lifespan, using minimal excess.

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Task Illumination

Illumination tailored to the specific needs of different work areas/tasks, adhering to recommended light levels guidelines.

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Luminaires Maintenance Impact

Regular luminaire cleaning and timely lamp replacements significantly impact overall system efficiency and required luminaires.

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Energy-Efficient Switching

Implementing automatic lighting control systems to optimize energy consumption, by adjusting lighting based on occupancy or other factors.

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Inefficient Switching Method

Using simple multi-gang switches near entryways, as these lead to energy waste by turning on all the lights on a floor/area, even with minimal occupancy requiring light.

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Recommended Light Levels

Guidelines for appropriate light levels for different tasks (e.g., office work).

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Maintenance Factor

The factor indicating frequency of cleaning and lamp replacement affecting luminaire/wiring design for lighting systems.

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Capital Costs

Initial costs related to setup and installation of a lighting system.

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Installation Costs

Costs associated with the process of putting a lighting system in place.

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Local Switching

A manual control that lets users override the automated lighting system.

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Daylight Linking

Using natural daylight to supplement artificial lighting, aiming to limit the use of electricity.

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Ballast Purpose

A device used to control and regulate the flow of electricity to a lamp.

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High Frequency (HF) Ballasts

Electronic ballasts that operate at a higher frequency, leading to improved lamp performance and energy efficiency.

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Dimming Systems

Methods for reducing the light output of lamps to save energy, especially in cases of over-design.

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Dimming Benefits

Energy savings, aesthetic control, and compensation for daylight changes.

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Over-design

Having more lighting capacity than needed, resulting in wasted energy and potential glare.

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Wave Chopping Dimming

A dimming technique that rapidly switches the light on and off, creating a perceived dimming effect while reducing energy usage.

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Efficient Lighting Strategy

A plan to maximize energy efficiency in lighting systems.

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Presence Detectors

Sensors that detect human presence and automatically turn on or off lighting, saving energy when a space is unoccupied.

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Entrance Switch Lighting

Background lighting only, with local switches located throughout the floor for individual control.

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Open Plan Office Switching

One switch per 100 square meters.Individual offices, stores, and meeting rooms have their own controls.

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Automatic 'Off' Switching

Lights automatically turn off after office hours to prevent unnecessary energy use.

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Automatic 'On' Switching (Avoid)

Systems that automatically turn lights on when no one is present are inefficient and should be avoided.

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Occupancy Lighting Control

Sensors automatically activate lights only when a room is occupied.

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Luminaire Wiring Variation

Lighting designs should allow for adjustments in tasks, users, and light levels, achievable with individual switching of all luminaires.

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Detector Sensitivity

Occupancy detectors should detect even small movements to control lighting effectively.

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Inrush Current Protection

Detectors should have built-in protection against the initial high current required to start fluorescent lights.

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Timer Switching for Stores

Stores require occasional lighting, controlled by manual switches for turns-on and automatic timers for turns-off.

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Daylight Compensation

Exterior lights can be automatically switched based on daylight levels to reduce energy use.

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Total Lighting Cost

The combined cost of a lighting system including initial purchase, installation, maintenance, and energy consumption over time.

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Lumen

A unit of measurement for the total amount of light emitted by a light source.

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Lumen Per Watt (LPW)

A measure of how efficient a light source is, indicating the amount of light produced per unit of power consumed.

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Triphosphor Fluorescent Tube

A type of fluorescent tube with a higher light output and longer lifespan compared to standard fluorescent tubes.

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Glare

Excessive brightness that can hinder visibility and cause discomfort.

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Over-design in Lighting

Having more lighting capacity than needed, leading to wasted energy and potential glare.

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Location of Switches

Placement of light switches drastically affects energy efficiency; simple multi-gang switches by doors are highly inefficient.

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Automatic Switching Systems

Sophisticated systems that control lighting based on occupancy, daylight levels, or timers, saving significant energy.

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Capital Costs (Lighting)

Initial expense for setting up and installing a lighting system, including luminaires, wiring, and control systems.

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Installation Costs (Lighting)

Expenses related to the process of putting a lighting system in place, including labor, materials, and permits.

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Energy Savings

Reducing energy consumption through efficient lighting design, using appropriate controls, and maintaining the system properly.

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Lumen Output

The amount of light emitted by a lamp, measured in lumens.

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Entrance Switch Purpose

Provides only background lighting, with local switches for individual control.

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Open Plan Office Lighting

Ideally, one light switch is provided for every 100 square meters of space.

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Individual Office Control

Each individual office, store, or meeting room has its own light switch.

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Avoid Automatic 'On'

Systems that automatically turn lights on when no one is present waste energy and are not recommended.

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Occupancy Detection

Sensors activate lights only when a room is occupied, saving energy.

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Luminaire Wiring Flexibility

Lights should be wired with individual switches for flexibility in different tasks and light levels

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Manual Local Switching

A manual control that allows users to override the automated lighting system.

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Dimming for Daylight Compensation

Using dimming to adjust artificial lighting levels based on the amount of natural light.

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Centralized Off Control

A system that allows lights to be turned off centrally, but provides local switches for individual control.

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Proper Maintenance Procedures

Regular cleaning and timely lamp replacement to maintain optimal lighting performance and energy efficiency.

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Cost-effective Energy Efficient Lighting Strategy

A comprehensive plan to minimize energy consumption in lighting systems while maintaining desired light levels.

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Study Notes

Energy Effective Lighting Strategies

  • Lighting installation costs include capital, installation, maintenance, and running energy. Energy costs are the main contributor over time.
  • Proper lighting design and management reduces costs and improves quality of light.
  • Lighting installations must provide the right light amount and quality for tasks, without compromising productivity or safety.
  • Energy efficient installations prioritize maximum lumen output per watt while considering factors like illuminance, glare, and task demands. Choosing the correct fluorescent type (triphosphor) is important for efficiency.
  • Luminaires should meet aesthetic needs, light output ratio (LOR) suitable for the task, and other lighting requirements (glare and spacing).
  • IS:3646 (Part II) recommends light levels for various tasks. Installations should maintain these levels as closely as possible throughout the installation life.
  • Minimizing excessive light (overdesign) through efficient design/maintenance can result in lower capital and installation costs, and lower energy consumption.

Maintenance

  • Regular maintenance is important. This includes cleaning luminaires, and replacing lamps to maintain efficiency.
  • Cleaning and timely lamp replacements extend the life of the system. Reduced maintenance periods mean less hardware is required to achieve the same illumination levels.
  • Graph A shows 3-year lamp replacements & annual cleaning, while Graph B shows 2-year replacements & bi-annual (yearly) cleaning. Situation B requires fewer luminaires to meet the same minimum illuminance standards.

Automatic Switching Systems

  • Efficient light switching minimizes energy waste.
  • In office buildings, switch locations affect energy use. Multi-gang switches at entryways are inefficient; local switches near work areas save energy by allowing occupants to switch lights only in their immediate zones.
  • Auto-on systems used in building management systems can cause wasted energy when no one is present. Automated "off" systems are a better solution to turn lights off during non-working hours when occupants are not present.

Luminaire Wiring & Occupancy Control

  • Lighting systems should account for varying task, occupancy, and light level needs.
  • Individual switching helps meet these variations.
  • Occupancy sensors should be used: Detect minimal movements to ensure lights activate only when occupied.
  • Consider different requirements for tasks like stores, which are only occupied intermittently, and use timers to automatically switch lights on and off at set intervals.

Timer Switching & Utilizing Daylight

  • Timer controls allow lights to turn on/off based on schedules.
  • Daylight can help reduce lighting energy use. The system should compensate for natural lighting.
  • Controls should exist for switching to override automatic systems for day-light and occupancy changes.

Ballasts

  • Electronic ballasts are efficient in managing lamps. High frequency electronic ballasts improve energy conservation (reduce losses) by increasing light output.
  • High frequency electronic ballasts can increase light output by around 10%, which can help minimize the overall energy consumption required.

Dimming

  • Dimming systems can be used where over-design isn't completely avoidable, with additional safety and technical considerations.
  • Energy-efficient dimming systems, such as high-frequency electronic dimmable ballasts or wave chopping dimming, allow adjustment during daylight changes.
  • Careful consideration of building layout and design aspects are also necessary.

Strategy

  • Choose the right lighting sources, luminaires, and lamps
  • Implement effective maintenance procedures.
  • Utilize a centralised control system with local switches.
  • Consider daylight/presence detectors.

Summary

  • Existing lighting standards and designs of new installations need to meet energy efficiency needs.
  • Light quality and quantity need to be appropriate for tasks to improve productivity.
  • Properly maintain systems to ensure maximum efficiency.
  • A well-designed switching system minimizes energy consumption.

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