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Questions and Answers
What is a crucial aspect to consider in the Integrated Environmental Design Concept for new building developments?
What is a crucial aspect to consider in the Integrated Environmental Design Concept for new building developments?
Which switching operation method is recommended to avoid energy wastage when a work area changes to a non-working area?
Which switching operation method is recommended to avoid energy wastage when a work area changes to a non-working area?
What impact does surrounding decor have on energy effectiveness in interior lighting?
What impact does surrounding decor have on energy effectiveness in interior lighting?
What advantage does utilizing daylight in buildings offer?
What advantage does utilizing daylight in buildings offer?
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Which method is advisable for outdoor lighting control after traffic has died down?
Which method is advisable for outdoor lighting control after traffic has died down?
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What is the main reason for the energy shortfall in India?
What is the main reason for the energy shortfall in India?
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Which type of lamp is considered the most efficient light source?
Which type of lamp is considered the most efficient light source?
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What percentage of total energy is consumed by lighting in India according to the content?
What percentage of total energy is consumed by lighting in India according to the content?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the six basic rules for energy conservation in lighting?
Which of the following is NOT one of the six basic rules for energy conservation in lighting?
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What change in lighting technology marked a step forward in energy conservation?
What change in lighting technology marked a step forward in energy conservation?
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Why is daylight consideration important in building design?
Why is daylight consideration important in building design?
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What is a major consequence of rising urban land costs and low-cost electricity?
What is a major consequence of rising urban land costs and low-cost electricity?
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What is the effect of poor maintenance on the useful light output of lighting systems?
What is the effect of poor maintenance on the useful light output of lighting systems?
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How does the frequency of maintenance affect illumination levels according to the study?
How does the frequency of maintenance affect illumination levels according to the study?
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What percentage of extra luminaires do lighting calculations typically allow for due to lack of maintenance?
What percentage of extra luminaires do lighting calculations typically allow for due to lack of maintenance?
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Why is it uneconomic to design a lighting scheme for a higher level than necessary?
Why is it uneconomic to design a lighting scheme for a higher level than necessary?
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Which type of luminaire is most commonly used in rural areas for street lighting?
Which type of luminaire is most commonly used in rural areas for street lighting?
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What happens to illumination when luminaires are cleaned once a year and one third of the lamps are replaced yearly?
What happens to illumination when luminaires are cleaned once a year and one third of the lamps are replaced yearly?
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What is a common reason for energy wastage in lighting installations?
What is a common reason for energy wastage in lighting installations?
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What approach should be taken when designing lighting schemes?
What approach should be taken when designing lighting schemes?
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What should be considered alongside photometric efficiency when evaluating luminaires?
What should be considered alongside photometric efficiency when evaluating luminaires?
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What is a consequence of allowing for aesthetic considerations in a lighting scheme?
What is a consequence of allowing for aesthetic considerations in a lighting scheme?
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What is a significant disadvantage of using fluorescent lamps without any screening louvre or diffuser?
What is a significant disadvantage of using fluorescent lamps without any screening louvre or diffuser?
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What type of T5 fittings are noted as suitable for street lighting?
What type of T5 fittings are noted as suitable for street lighting?
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For what type of interiors is integration of lighting and air-conditioning particularly beneficial?
For what type of interiors is integration of lighting and air-conditioning particularly beneficial?
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What type of lamps are typically preferred for mounting heights of 7m and above?
What type of lamps are typically preferred for mounting heights of 7m and above?
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What plays a critical role in minimizing glare in lighting installations?
What plays a critical role in minimizing glare in lighting installations?
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What factor can significantly affect the overall savings in a large lighting installation?
What factor can significantly affect the overall savings in a large lighting installation?
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What should be minimized in spaces with both lighting and air conditioning for energy efficiency?
What should be minimized in spaces with both lighting and air conditioning for energy efficiency?
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Which type of diffuser is noted for its aesthetic qualities in lighting design?
Which type of diffuser is noted for its aesthetic qualities in lighting design?
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Why is the design of luminaires important for street lighting?
Why is the design of luminaires important for street lighting?
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What is the primary reason high efficacy lamps are being replaced by metal halide lamps?
What is the primary reason high efficacy lamps are being replaced by metal halide lamps?
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What luminous efficacy range do modern T5 lamps provide?
What luminous efficacy range do modern T5 lamps provide?
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In terms of light output, how much more light does the white fluorescent lamp provide compared to the cool daylight fluorescent lamp?
In terms of light output, how much more light does the white fluorescent lamp provide compared to the cool daylight fluorescent lamp?
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Which lamps are suitable for initial and conversion projects in a wide range of commercial and industrial applications?
Which lamps are suitable for initial and conversion projects in a wide range of commercial and industrial applications?
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What colour temperature does the cool daylight fluorescent lamp have?
What colour temperature does the cool daylight fluorescent lamp have?
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Which of these features is NOT associated with the new generation HF electronic lamps?
Which of these features is NOT associated with the new generation HF electronic lamps?
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Why do many industries in India still use incandescent lamps?
Why do many industries in India still use incandescent lamps?
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What is the luminous efficacy of street light luminaries currently available in the market?
What is the luminous efficacy of street light luminaries currently available in the market?
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Which light sources are preferred for street lighting applications?
Which light sources are preferred for street lighting applications?
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What aspect is crucial for ensuring energy efficiency in the arrangement of windows and light openings in a building?
What aspect is crucial for ensuring energy efficiency in the arrangement of windows and light openings in a building?
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How does light surface decor affect energy consumption in lighting installations?
How does light surface decor affect energy consumption in lighting installations?
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Which switching operation option is most effective in reducing energy waste when transitioning a work area to a non-working status?
Which switching operation option is most effective in reducing energy waste when transitioning a work area to a non-working status?
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In what way can the design of a luminaire arrangement contribute to energy management in street lighting?
In what way can the design of a luminaire arrangement contribute to energy management in street lighting?
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What is the main advantage of utilizing photo-cell switches for outdoor lighting control?
What is the main advantage of utilizing photo-cell switches for outdoor lighting control?
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What is a fundamental step to address energy demand issues in India?
What is a fundamental step to address energy demand issues in India?
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Which of the following lighting types is known for having the highest luminous efficacy?
Which of the following lighting types is known for having the highest luminous efficacy?
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What contributes significantly to energy savings in artificial lighting according to efficiency principles?
What contributes significantly to energy savings in artificial lighting according to efficiency principles?
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What is the impact of neglecting daylight as an element in building design?
What is the impact of neglecting daylight as an element in building design?
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Which aspect of lighting design can contribute to reduced energy consumption?
Which aspect of lighting design can contribute to reduced energy consumption?
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What percentage of India's total energy consumption is attributed to lighting?
What percentage of India's total energy consumption is attributed to lighting?
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Which rule is NOT part of the six basic rules for energy conservation in lighting?
Which rule is NOT part of the six basic rules for energy conservation in lighting?
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What happens to the illumination level after luminaires are cleaned and relamped every three years?
What happens to the illumination level after luminaires are cleaned and relamped every three years?
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What is a common consequence of poor maintenance in lighting systems?
What is a common consequence of poor maintenance in lighting systems?
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When considering the design of a lighting scheme, what should the illumination level reflect?
When considering the design of a lighting scheme, what should the illumination level reflect?
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How much extra luminaire capacity is typically allowed in lighting calculations due to maintenance considerations?
How much extra luminaire capacity is typically allowed in lighting calculations due to maintenance considerations?
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What maintenance frequency significantly slows down the deterioration of illumination over three years?
What maintenance frequency significantly slows down the deterioration of illumination over three years?
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What is the primary issue with designing lighting schemes without adequate maintenance considerations?
What is the primary issue with designing lighting schemes without adequate maintenance considerations?
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What type of lighting is commonly used in rural areas for street lighting?
What type of lighting is commonly used in rural areas for street lighting?
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What percentage drop in illumination occurs when luminaires are cleaned once a year and a third of the lamps replaced yearly?
What percentage drop in illumination occurs when luminaires are cleaned once a year and a third of the lamps replaced yearly?
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Which of the following factors does NOT directly contribute to the effectiveness of a lighting scheme?
Which of the following factors does NOT directly contribute to the effectiveness of a lighting scheme?
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What is one major advantage of the modern T5 lamps compared to traditional fluorescent lamps?
What is one major advantage of the modern T5 lamps compared to traditional fluorescent lamps?
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Which feature of HF electronic lamps enhances their performance compared to conventional fluorescent lamps?
Which feature of HF electronic lamps enhances their performance compared to conventional fluorescent lamps?
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Why are incandescent lamps still commonly used in India despite being less efficient?
Why are incandescent lamps still commonly used in India despite being less efficient?
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In terms of energy saving, how much more light does the white fluorescent lamp provide compared to the cool daylight fluorescent lamp?
In terms of energy saving, how much more light does the white fluorescent lamp provide compared to the cool daylight fluorescent lamp?
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What is a characteristic of the luminous efficacy of currently available street light luminaries?
What is a characteristic of the luminous efficacy of currently available street light luminaries?
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What is the potential luminous efficacy of the new generation fluorescent HF electronic lamps?
What is the potential luminous efficacy of the new generation fluorescent HF electronic lamps?
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Which color temperature is associated with the cool daylight fluorescent lamp?
Which color temperature is associated with the cool daylight fluorescent lamp?
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Which of these features is less favorable about high efficacy lamps when compared to high luminous efficacy metal halide lamps?
Which of these features is less favorable about high efficacy lamps when compared to high luminous efficacy metal halide lamps?
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In what application are HID metal halide lamps and T5 lamps primarily preferred?
In what application are HID metal halide lamps and T5 lamps primarily preferred?
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What is a significant factor contributing to energy wastage in lighting installations?
What is a significant factor contributing to energy wastage in lighting installations?
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Which type of luminaire is preferred in industrial interiors where decorative appearance is not significant?
Which type of luminaire is preferred in industrial interiors where decorative appearance is not significant?
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What is the primary function of using louvres or diffusers in lighting systems?
What is the primary function of using louvres or diffusers in lighting systems?
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What is a noted benefit of integrating lighting with air-conditioning systems in spaces?
What is a noted benefit of integrating lighting with air-conditioning systems in spaces?
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At what mounting height are highway luminaires with metal halide lamps considered preferable?
At what mounting height are highway luminaires with metal halide lamps considered preferable?
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What is a common misconception about the effectiveness of bare fluorescent lamps?
What is a common misconception about the effectiveness of bare fluorescent lamps?
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What factor is critical when assessing the efficiency of luminaires?
What factor is critical when assessing the efficiency of luminaires?
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Why should the total wattage consumption be monitored in discharge lamp circuits?
Why should the total wattage consumption be monitored in discharge lamp circuits?
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Which of the following types of diffusers is particularly noted for aesthetic qualities?
Which of the following types of diffusers is particularly noted for aesthetic qualities?
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What is the impact of using inefficient luminaires in large installations?
What is the impact of using inefficient luminaires in large installations?
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Study Notes
Energy Conservation
- India's per capita energy availability is lower than developed countries
- Energy demand exceeds availability by 10% annually
- Thermal power costs about Rs. 4.00 crores per MW, others higher
- Substantial energy savings possible in artificial lighting (17% of total energy consumed)
Efficient Light Sources
- Choose lamps maximizing light output (lumens) per watt, considering color rendering needs
- Common sources include incandescent, fluorescent (T5), CFL, high-pressure mercury (HPMV), metal halide, high-pressure sodium (SON), and LED lamps
- High-pressure sodium is efficient but poor color rendering, being replaced by metal halide lamps in applications not needing good color
- Modern T5 lamps offer luminous efficacy of 90-104 lumens/watt, preferred for indoor/street/railway
- LED street light luminaries offer 120 lumens/watt efficacy
- India still uses incandescent lamps due to low cost
- Replacing high-wattage incandescents with CFLs or fluorescent luminaries offers significant savings
Efficient Use of Lamp Light Output
- Proper light distribution and reduction of glare important
- Photometric efficiency and control gear (e.g., ballast) power consumption should be considered, as they affect overall consumption
- The total wattage consumption of a discharge lamp circuit is always greater than the rated wattage of the lamp at a given reference voltage
- Avoid unnecessarily high illumination levels; design schemes for average levels, not higher ones, saving operational costs
- Use louvres/diffusers to reduce glare, give aesthetic appearance
Maintenance of Lighting Equipment
- Dirt and dust decrease light output and increase energy costs
- Regular maintenance (cleaning and relamping) crucial, affecting illumination levels
- Maintenance schedules can be optimized when using more efficient light sources
Utilization of Daylight and Surrounding Décor
- Lighter surface décor (higher reflection factor) requires less energy for same illumination
- Daylight use in buildings reduces electricity use for lighting
- Building orientation, window size, and glazing affect daylight use
- Aesthetically pleasant and efficient environments should be the goal, accounting for window placement/size and thermal effects
Control of Switching Operations
- Flexible switching avoids energy waste if work areas change
- Photocell switches are preferred over timer switches for outdoor lighting to save energy
- Selective switching of luminaires in street lighting is suitable for minimizing energy waste
Role of Energy Management
- Energy waste avoidance is the crucial goal
- Conversion of existing lighting installations to more energy-efficient versions is possible
- Cost-effective lighting schemes can often bring substantial payback within 3 years
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Description
This quiz covers important facts about energy conservation, focusing on India's energy availability and demand trends. It also explores various efficient light sources, their characteristics, and the potential for energy savings through better lighting choices.
