Energy Concepts in Physics

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Questions and Answers

What is energy defined as?

  • The ability to remain still
  • The ability to cause change (correct)
  • The ability to gain momentum
  • The ability to lose mass

Work transfers energy between systems.

True (A)

What unit is used to measure both energy and work?

joules

Energy can be described as the ability to do __________.

<p>work</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a system?

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Energy can be transferred without any work being done.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What example is given to illustrate energy causing change?

<p>Turning on an electric light</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of energy with their examples:

<p>Kinetic Energy = A moving tennis racket Potential Energy = A compressed spring Thermal Energy = Heat from the sun Sound Energy = Music from a speaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a form of energy mentioned?

<p>Solar energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Kinetic energy depends on both mass and speed of an object.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is kinetic energy?

<p>Energy due to motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Energy from the Sun that warms Earth is known as __________ energy.

<p>radiant</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following forms of energy with their descriptions:

<p>Mechanical energy = Energy due to motion and position Chemical energy = Stored in bonds of chemical compounds Electrical energy = Energy from electric charges Radiant energy = Energy from electromagnetic waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is chemical energy in gasoline best described?

<p>Stored and transportable energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All forms of energy are fundamentally different from each other.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unit measures kinetic energy?

<p>Joules</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the kinetic energy of a jogger with a mass of 60.0 kg moving at a speed of 3.0 m/s?

<p>270 J (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Potential energy is energy that is in motion.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the kinetic energy of an object change when its speed doubles?

<p>The kinetic energy increases by a factor of four.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The formula for calculating kinetic energy is KE = __.

<p>1/2 mv^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Kinetic Energy = Energy of motion Potential Energy = Stored energy due to position or structure Elastic Potential Energy = Energy stored in stretched or compressed objects Gravitational Potential Energy = Energy stored due to gravity between objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

By how many times does the kinetic energy of a car increase if its speed doubles from 50 km/h to 100 km/h?

<p>4 times (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A book can have potential energy even when it is not moving.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of energy is stored in a stretched rubber band?

<p>Elastic potential energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy stored in a stretched rubber band or compressed spring called?

<p>Elastic potential energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chemical potential energy is only relevant to food and gasoline.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to chemical potential energy when a substance is burned?

<p>It is converted to thermal energy and radiant energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gravitational potential energy depends on an object's mass, Earth's gravity, and the object's ______.

<p>height</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents the gravitational potential energy?

<p>GPE = mass (kg) x gravity (N/kg) x height (m) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gravitational potential energy exists only in systems with two objects or more.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the elastic potential energy of a trampoline change as a person jumps on it?

<p>It increases as the trampoline stretches, storing more energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of potential energy with their descriptions:

<p>Elastic potential energy = Energy stored in a stretched rubber band Chemical potential energy = Energy stored in chemical bonds Gravitational potential energy = Energy due to gravitational forces between objects Thermal energy = Energy associated with heat and temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a form of energy?

<p>Photosynthetic energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A system can have both kinetic energy and potential energy at the same time.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define elastic potential energy.

<p>Elastic potential energy is the potential energy stored in an object when it is stretched or compressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The potential energy due to the height of an object above the ground is called __________.

<p>gravitational potential energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the form of energy with its description:

<p>Mechanical Energy = Energy due to motion or position Chemical Potential Energy = Stored energy in chemical bonds Kinetic Energy = Energy of a moving object Thermal Energy = Energy related to temperature and heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to gravitational potential energy (GPE) when a vase is moved to a higher shelf?

<p>GPE increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gravitational potential energy is independent of the chosen reference level.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you calculate the gravitational potential energy (GPE)?

<p>GPE = mass × gravity × height</p> Signup and view all the answers

The gravitational potential energy of the blue vase-Earth system is about _____ J relative to the floor.

<p>90</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of gravitational potential energy of an 8.0-kg textbook placed on a 1.25-m high desk relative to the floor? (Use g = 9.8 N/kg)

<p>98 J (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The GPE of the green vase-Earth system is always less than the GPE of the blue vase-Earth system.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reference level would you use to calculate the GPE of a ceiling fan placed 2.5 m above the floor?

<p>The floor</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following values with their corresponding gravitational potential energy (GPE):

<p>Blue Vase (relative to floor) = 90 J Green Vase (relative to same reference) = Less than 90 J Ceiling Fan (relative to floor) = 98 J Textbook (relative to floor) = 98 J</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Energy

The ability to cause change or do work.

Work

Energy transfer by applying a force over a distance.

System

Anything you can imagine a boundary around. Can be an object, or a group of objects

Energy Transfer

Moving energy from one place or system to another.

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Joules

The unit used to measure energy and work.

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Different Forms of Energy

Energy can be in many forms, like electrical, sound, light or motion.

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Change Requires Energy

Energy is needed for anything to change, whether it's a system or an object.

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Quantitatitive Property

A property that you can measure, such as energy

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Energy

The ability to cause change.

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Mechanical Energy

Energy of motion or position.

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Electrical Energy

Energy that flows through wires.

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Chemical Energy

Energy stored in chemical bonds.

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Radiant Energy

Energy that travels as waves, like light.

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Kinetic Energy

Energy of motion.

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Mass and Speed

Two factors that determine kinetic energy.

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Energy Forms

Energy can exist in mechanical, electrical, chemical and radiant forms. All forms are interchangable like money.

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Elastic Potential Energy

Energy stored in a stretched or compressed object.

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Chemical Potential Energy

Energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms.

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Gravitational Potential Energy

Energy due to the gravitational force between objects.

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GPE Equation

Mass x gravity x height

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Energy Conversion (Burning)

Chemical potential energy changing to other forms, like heat and light.

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Potential Energy (General)

Stored energy that has the potential to cause change.

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Gravity (g)

Gravitational force, often near Earth's surface.

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Height and GPE

Changing an object's height in a gravitational field changes its GPE.

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Kinetic Energy

Energy of motion of an object.

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Potential Energy

Stored energy due to position or condition.

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Elastic Potential Energy

Stored energy in an object that is stretched or compressed.

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Chemical Potential Energy

Stored energy in chemical bonds.

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Gravitational Potential Energy

Stored energy in an object due to its height above a reference level

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Kinetic Energy

Energy of motion, calculated as 1/2 * mass * velocity^2

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Potential Energy

Stored energy due to position or configuration.

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Mass (in KE)

Amount of matter in an object.

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Velocity (in KE)

Speed and direction of an object.

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Elastic Potential Energy

Stored energy in stretched or compressed objects, like a rubber band.

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Gravitational Potential Energy

Stored energy due to an object's position relative to Earth's surface.

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Relation between mass and KE

Doubling the mass of an object doubles the kinetic energy if velocity remains the same.

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Relation between velocity and KE

Doubling the speed ('velocity') of an object increases the kinetic energy by a factor of four (2^2).

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Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE)

Energy stored in an object due to its position in a gravitational field.

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Reference Level

A fixed point used to measure height when calculating GPE.

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GPE Calculation

GPE is calculated by multiplying mass, acceleration due to gravity, and height above a reference level.

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GPE units

Gravitational potential energy is measured in Joules (J).

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GPE and Height

Higher an object is from a reference level, the higher GPE it has.

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Changing the Reference level

Changes in the reference level affect the GPE value of object in a system, but does not change the overall energy in the system'

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GPE and Mass

More massive objects have more Gravitational Potential Energy than less massive objects at the same height.

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GPE Relative to Floor

GPE relative to the floor is the energy an object has compared to the height above the floor.

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Study Notes

Describing Energy

  • Energy is the ability to cause change
  • Energy limits what can happen in any system
  • Energy is transferred when work is done

Types of Energy

  • Kinetic Energy: Energy due to motion; depends on mass and speed (KE = 1/2mv²)
    • Example: A moving car, a falling object
  • Potential Energy: Stored energy due to position or configuration
    • Gravitational Potential Energy: Stored energy due to an object's height relative to a reference point (GPE = mgh)
      • Example: An apple on a tree
    • Elastic Potential Energy: Stored energy in a stretched or compressed object
      • Example: A stretched rubber band
    • Chemical Potential Energy: Stored energy in chemical bonds
      • Example: Food, gasoline
  • Radiant Energy: Energy that travels as waves
    • Example: Sunlight, heat
  • Mechanical Energy: Sum of kinetic and potential energy in a mechanical system
    • Example: A pendulum
  • Electrical Energy: Energy related to the movement of electrically charged particles; potential
    • Example: In a circuit
  • Thermal Energy: Energy due to the motion of particles in a substance
    • Example: Heat from a stove

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